Higgins.pdf. Amp52121280.tif - higgins1997.pdf. Success/Failure Feedback, Expectancies, and Approach/Avoidance Motivation: How Regulatory Focus Moderates Classic Relations - forstergrantetal2001.pdf. 1243.tif - higgins2000.pdf. Higgins.pdf. Higgins.pdf. Self-Discrepancy Theory. The self-discrepancy theory states that people compare themselves to internalized standards called "self-guides".
These different representations of the self can be contradictory and result in emotional discomfort. Self-discrepancy is the gap between two of these self-representations. The theory states that people are motivated to reduce the gap in order to remove disparity in self-guides.[1] Developed by Edward Tory Higgins in 1987, the theory provides a platform for understanding how different types of discrepancies between representations of the self are related to different kinds of emotional vulnerabilities.
It maintains close ties to a long-standing tradition of belief-incongruity research. Domains of the self[edit] The theory postulates three basic domains of the self: Actual[edit] Actual self is your representation of the attributes that you believe you actually possess, or that you believe others believe you possess.[4] The "actual self" is a person's basic self-concept. Own[edit] Regulatory focus theory.
Regulatory focus theory (RFT) is a goal pursuit theory[1] formulated by Columbia University psychology professor and researcher E.
Tory Higgins regarding peoples' perceptions in the decision making process. RFT examines the relationship between the motivation of a person and the way in which they go about achieving their goal.[2] RFT posits two separate and independent self-regulatory orientations: prevention and promotion (Higgins, 1997). This psychological theory, like many others, is applied in communication, specifically in the subfields of nonverbal communication and persuasion.Chronic regulatory focus is measured using the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (Higgins et al., 2001) or the Regulatory Strength measure. Momentary regulatory focus can be primed or induced. Background[edit] Regulatory fit theory[edit] Definition[edit] The regulatory focus is basically the way in which someone approaches pleasure but avoids pain. Goal attainment and motivation in regulatory focus theory[edit] Procrastination. Procrastination (from latin's "procrastinare", that translates in to : the prefix pro-, 'forward', and suffix -crastinus, 'till next day' from cras, 'tomorrow' ) is the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished.Sometimes, procrastination takes place until the "last minute" before a deadline.
Procrastination can take hold on any aspect of life—putting off cleaning the stove, repairing a leaky roof, seeing a doctor or dentist, submitting a job report or academic assignment or broaching a stressful issue with a partner. Procrastination can lead to feelings of guilt, inadequacy, depression and self-doubt. Prevalence[edit] In a study of academic procrastination from the University of Vermont, published in 1984, 46% of the subjects reported that they "always" or "nearly always" procrastinate writing papers, while approximately 30% reported procrastinating studying for exams and reading weekly assignments (27.6 l.percent by and 30.1 percent respectively). Behavioral criteria[edit]