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Chassis. Fule. List of automotive light bulb types. Light bulbs for automobiles are made in several standardized series.
Bulbs used for headlamps, turn signals and brake lamps may be required to comply with international and national regulations governing the types of lamps used. Other automotive lighting applications such as auxiliary lamps or interior lighting may not be regulated, but common types are used by many automotive manufacturers. International[edit] The World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (ECE Regulations) develops and maintains international-consensus UN Regulations on light sources acceptable for use in lamps on vehicles and trailers type-approved for use in countries that recognise the UN Regulations. These include Regulation 37,[1] which contains specifications for filament lamps, and Regulation 99 and its addenda[2][3] which covers light sources for high-intensity discharge headlamps.
Filament lamps[edit] UN Regulation 37 covers motor vehicle filament lamps. Gas discharge lamps[edit] Germany[edit] Axle shafts. Axle Shafts Design Rear axle construction In cases where the rear suspension is non-independent, the type of axle used is either a dead axle or a live axle.
The former only has to support the weight of the vehicle, where the latter has to fulfill this task and, in addition, contain a gear and shaft mechanism to drive the road wheels. Axle shafts The axle shaft (half shaft) transmits the drive from the differential sun wheel to the rear hub. Operating conditions The total weight of the rear of the vehicle may exert a bending action on the half shaft. During cornering a side force acts upon the road wheel which imposes a bending load and an end thrust becomes a ‘pull’. Stresses The various types may be compared by considering the stresses the shaft has to resist Fig. 1a shows a line sketch of a simple haft which is subjected to: 1- torsional stress due to driving and braking torque.
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