Adult volunteers needed with Auditory Processing Disorder. We are looking for normally hearing adults who have been referred for Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) to take part in a study looking at how people listen to speech in noise. Every day, we have to listen to people in noisy conditions. However, some people find it more difficult than others. We want to understand what skills people use to help them listen in noisy conditions. We also want to understand how and why people’s ability to listen in noise changes as they get older. Finally, we want to understand more about how to improve listening skills with training. The findings from this research will help us to develop better training programmes for helping people who have difficulties listening when it is noisy.
The study will involve up to three test sessions lasting a maximum of 3 hours. For further information or if you would like to participate in the study as a volunteer, please contact Dr Johanna Barry or Dr Hettie Roebuck on 0115 849 3351. APD-EduLink. Canadian Dyslexia Centre - Centre canadien de la dyslexie. Great Ormond Street Hospital. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. US National Institutes of Health. Topics in Language Disorders. Differentiating a language processing disorder (LPD) from an APD. Hereditary Deficits in Auditory Processing Leading to Language Impairment.
Objective Recent research implicates auditory processing deficits in the etiology of language impairments, but no standard methodology has been employed to determine whether auditory processing deficits are heritable traits. We will investigate whether auditory processing skills and auditory processing disorders (APDs) are hereditary. Study Population We will study same-sex twins (healthy volunteers) and individuals who score in the top or bottom 10th percentile on auditory processing tests and their first-degree family members.
Design: A Two-Phase, Staged Study Our approach uses the two classical methods of demonstrating heritability: comparison of monozygotic (MZ) to dizygotic (DZ) concordance rates in twins and measuring familial aggregation of a trait. Moreover, the normal variation in performance on many of these tests is not known. Phase 1 Twin study We will evaluate a variety of auditory processing tests in MZ and same-sex DZ twins. Phase 2 Family aggregation study Outcome Measures. Comorbidity of Auditory Processing, Language, and Reading Disorders. Long-term outcome of oral language and phonological awareness intervention with socially disadvantaged preschoolers: the impact on language and literacy.
THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM : MEMORY AND LEARNING. From a clinical and physiological standpoint, many observations suggest that there may be various sub-categories of long-term memory. For example, certain kinds of amnesia affect certain kinds of memories, but not others. Similarly, researchers have found that various brain structures specialize in processing various kinds of memories. One of the most fundamental of these distinctions is between declarative and non-declarative memory, based on whether the memory’s content can be expressed verbally. Traditionally, most memory studies have focused on explicit memory, which involves the subjects' conscious recollection of things and facts.
For instance, subjects might be asked to memorize a given set of items (a list of words, a group of pictures, etc.) and then recall them verbally. Also, things that are encoded in implicit memory can be recalled automatically, without the conscious effort needed to recall things from explicit memory. Visual Learning and the Brain: Implications for Dyslexia. Auditory Processing Disorder And Brain Pathology In A Preterm Child With Learning Disabilities. Abstract: Background: Auditory processing disorders involve deficits in the processing of information in the auditory domain that are not due to higher order language, cognitive or other related factors. Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of structural brain abnormalities in preterm children manifesting as auditory processing disorders.
Research Design : A case report of a young girl, preterm at birth, with language difficulties, learning problems at school, and additional listening problems. Results: A diagnosis of a central auditory processing disorder was made on the basis of severe deficits in three nonspeech temporal tests (the frequency and duration pattern and the random gap detection tests). Conclusions: The observed auditory deficits would be compatible with a pressure effect of the cysts at a brainstem or higher level for the random gap detection test, and with the thinning of the corpus callosum for the pattern tests, the latter requiring interhemispheric transfer of information. PLOS ONE: Molecular Mapping of Movement-Associated Areas in the Avian Brain: A Motor Theory for Vocal Learning Origin.
Results In experiments that identified night vision brain areas in migratory songbirds [26], [27], we performed a series of control experiments that led to the identification of brain areas associated with movement behavior that we report here. Unexpectedly, the areas of robust movement-associated activation were closest to the vocal nuclei, and thus we investigated this activation further in a non-migratory songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), for which the vocal system has been studied in detail. Once we established these areas as movement-associated and adjacent to vocal nuclei in songbirds (Part I of this report), we next tested whether other vocal learning birds (Part II) and vocal non-learning birds (Part III) had similar properties to address implications on the evolution of vocal learning.
Figure 2. IEG expression patterns in brain sections from moving versus singing zebra finches. A. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001768.g002 Part I. Figure 3. A. Figure 4. Proportionality. Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter-speech sound correspondences. Author Affiliations Edited by Michael Posner, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, and approved March 5, 2010 (received for review April 21, 2009) A correction has been published Abstract The acquisition of reading skills is a major landmark process in a human's cognitive development. Footnotes Author contributions: S. Improving the performance of the amblyopic visual system. Education and Services for People with Autism (ESPA) Research. A Policymaker’s Primer on Education Research. {*style:<b>Written by PATRICIA A. LAUER Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning </b>*} {*style:<b>A joint effort of Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning and the Education Commission of the States </b>*} These materials were developed with federal funds from the U.S.
Department of Education under McREL's Regional Educational Laboratory contract number ED-01-CO-0006 and under a grant to the Education Commission of the States from the U.S. Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Education, award number R215U000010. The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Education nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. . © 2004 ECS and McREL. Identifying specific language impairment in deaf children acquiring British Sign Language: Implications for theory and practice. British Sign Language Dictionary. 1 to 20 of 373 Signs ~ more added each day Aeroplane Afternoon Again Age Ages Agree America American Apple Arch Art Asleep Asthma Autumn Baby Banana Barbecue Bath. New Brain Findings On Dyslexic Children - Visitor Opinion.
Oxytocin - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database. I Speak of Dreams. Speech target modulates speaking induced suppression in auditory cortex. Participants Ten healthy right-handed English speaking volunteers (6 males, 4 females; mean age 25 years; range: 21–42) participated in this study. All participants gave their informed consent after procedures had been fully explained. The study was performed with the approval of the University of California, San Francisco Committee for Human Research. Experimental Design and Procedure Calibration of the acoustic stimuli was conducted prior to starting the experiment to ensure that the volume through the earphones was equivalent in both speak and listen tasks. The experiment went as follows: participants viewed a projection monitor. Figure 6. A key feature of the experiment design related to analysis of the results is that the experiment is fundamentally a comparison between the speaking and listening conditions.
A structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) was obtained for each participant at the Magnetic Resonance Science Center of UCSF. Data Acquisition and Processing Figure 7. Analysis. Neuroscience: Systems-Level Brain Development -- Stern and Hines 310 (5749): 801 -- Science. MIT Department of Linguistics: People: Faculty: Kenneth Wexler: Publications. "Some issues in the growth of control. " In R.K. Larson, S. Iatridou, U. Lahiri and J. Higginbotham (eds.), Control and Grammar, 253-295, 1992. (with Hagit Borer) "Bi-unique relations and the maturation of grammatical principles. " Natural language and Linguistic Theory 10, 147-189, 1992. (with Sergey Avrutin) "Development of principle B in Russian: Coindexation at LF and coreference. " "The subset principle is an intensional principle. " (with N. (with D.
"Optional Infinitives, head movement and the economy of derivations. " (with Y-C. (with Y. (with E. (with Mabel Rice) "Extended optional infinitive (EOI) account of Specific Language Impairment. " (with Mabel Rice and Patricia Cleave) "Specific language impairment as a period of extended optional infinitives. " (with Mabel Rice) "Tense over time: The persistence of optional infinitives in English in children with SLI. " (with J. (with C. (with K. (with D. (with S. (with S. (with David Pesetsky and Victoria Fromkin) "Acquiring Language. " A cognitive and psycholinguistic investigation of neologisms.
Bose, Arpita and Buchanan, Lori A cognitive and psycholinguistic investigation of neologisms. Aphasiology, 21(6-8), August, 2007, pages 726-738. Background: Jargon aphasia with neologisms (i.e., novel nonword utterances) is a challenging language disorder that lacks a definitive theoretical description as well as clear treatment recommendations (Marshall, 2006). Aim: The aims of this two-part investigation were to determine the source of neologisms in an individual (FF) with jargon aphasia, to identify potential facilitatory semantic and/or phonological cueing effects in picture naming, and to determine whether the timing of the cues relative to the target picture mediated the cueing advantage.
Methods and Procedures: FF's underlying linguistic deficits were determined using several cognitive and linguistic tests. Auditory frequency discrimination learning is affected by stimulus variability — Attention, Perception & Psychophysics. Applied Behavior Analysis. Functional genetic analysis of mutations implicated in a human speech and language disorder. Abstract Mutations in the FOXP2 gene cause a severe communication disorder involving speech deficits (developmental verbal dyspraxia), accompanied by wide-ranging impairments in expressive and receptive language.
The protein encoded by FOXP2 belongs to a divergent subgroup of forkhead-box transcription factors, with a distinctive DNA-binding domain and motifs that mediate hetero- and homodimerization. Here we report the first direct functional genetic investigation of missense and nonsense mutations in FOXP2 using human cell-lines, including a well-established neuronal model system. We focused on three unusual FOXP2 coding variants, uniquely identified in cases of verbal dyspraxia, assessing expression, subcellular localization, DNA-binding and transactivation properties.
Developmental disruptions of speech and language are highly heritable (1), but at present there is little known about the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms. Protein expression of variants of human FOXP2 Figure 1. Philosophy of science and the diagnostic process. + Author Affiliations ↵*Correspondence to Brian H Willis, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; E-mail: b.h.willis@bham.ac.uk This is an overview of the principles that underpin philosophy of science and how they may provide a framework for the diagnostic process.
Although philosophy dates back to antiquity, it is only more recently that philosophers have begun to enunciate the scientific method. Since Aristotle formulated deduction, other modes of reasoning including induction, inference to best explanation, falsificationism, theory-laden observations and Bayesian inference have emerged.
Thus, rather than representing a single overriding dogma, the scientific method is a toolkit of ideas and principles of reasoning. Keywords. © The Author 2013. Pedagogy Meets Neuroscience -- Stern 310 (5749): 745 -- Science. Elsbeth Stern* + Author Affiliations Having acknowledged the social and economic value of education, modern societies are increasingly making concerted efforts to improve schooling at all age levels. Today, policy-makers and practitioners responsible for educational reform and improving classroom practice seek to base their decisions on empirical evidence rather than on opinions, fashions, and ideologies, as was too often the case in the past.
This desire for “evidence-based” education has coincided with a period of tremendous progress in the field of neuroscience and enormous public interest in its findings, leading to an ongoing debate about the potential of neuroscience to inform education reform. It has become dangerously fashionable to label general—even trivial—pedagogical advice that is not grounded in scientific fact as “brain-based learning.” As a scientist specializing in school-related learning, I am open to the educational implications of neuroscience.
Preserved Implicit Knowledge of a Forgotten Childhood Language. Renewal of the Neurophysiology of Language: Functional Neuroimaging. How Educational Theories Can Use Neuroscientific Data. Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Abnormal Auditory Cortical Activation in Dyslexia 100 msec after Speech Onset. May 15, 2002, Vol. 14, No. 4, Pages 603-617 Posted Online March 13, 2006. (doi:10.1162/08989290260045846) © 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Päivi Helenius Helsinki University of Technology Riitta Salmelin Ulla Richardson University College London Seija Leinonen University of Jyväskylä Heikki Lyytinen Reading difficulties are associated with problems in processing and manipulating speech sounds. Kaisa Lohvansuu, Jarmo A. Roozbeh Rezaie, Shalini Narayana, Katherine Schiller, Liliya Birg, James W.
Jarmo A. Mark W. Lin Wang, Ole Jensen, Danielle van den Brink, Nienke Weder, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, Lilla Magyari, Peter Hagoort, Marcel Bastiaansen. (2012) Beta oscillations relate to the N400m during language comprehension. Riikka Lovio, Anu Halttunen, Heikki Lyytinen, Risto Näätänen, Teija Kujala. (2012) Reading skill and neural processing accuracy improvement after a 3-hour intervention in preschoolers with difficulties in reading-related skills. Jarmo A. P. K. Richard E. J.A. Anne G.F.M. Auditory Processing Disorder and Speech Perception Problems in Noise: Finding the Underlying Origin. RU kidding? Research finds that chatspeak has no impact on children's spelling ability. Researchers find how brain hears the sound of silence. Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia | Speech & Language Therapy | Spectrum Health. Facial expressions show language barriers too.
Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code. ALTA - Academic Language Therapy Association - Home. Auditory Processing Disorders: An Update for Speech-Language Pathologists. Effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on Auditory Performance in Children With Attention and Auditory Processing Disorders. Classification of Developmental Language Disorders: Theoretical Issues and Clinical Implications. Dyslexia and Modern Foreign Languages.
A randomized controlled trial investigation of a non-stimulant in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ACTION): Rationale and design. Information - Migraine Action. Dyslexia Action . Hertsdirect.org Community Action Dacorum (Headquarters) Teacher education as identity construction: insights from action research. ParaChat Live Chat Software - Since 1996. Living With Dyslexia. Institute of Sound and Vibration Research. Dyslexia's Brain Changes May Occur Before Kids Learn to Read. Controlling The Chaos. Spoken language and arm gestures are controlled by the same motor control system. Implicit Learning in Control, Dyslexic, and Garden-Variety Poor Readers. The sources and manifestations of stress amongst school-aged dyslexics, compared with sibling controls.
Out of Control? The clinical effectiveness of different parenting programmes for children with conduct problems: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Reading Research Quarterly. Bioacoustics Research Program. European Dyslexia Research. DfES, Research Website. DfES, Research Website. The Simple View of Reading: Changes over Time. Dyslexia Research Institute, Inc. Apprenticeships can change lives of over 50s, minister says - Telegraph. Changing concepts of dyslexia: nature, treatment and co-morbidity, November 2009.