Nootropics. Cycloserine. Cycloserine (4-amino-3-isoxazolidinone) is a drug sold under the brand name Seromycin. It is an antibiotic effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since the discovery that cycloserine is able to penetrate into the central nervous system, numerous studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of cycloserine for psychiatric disorders. It has been found to be effective in the treatment of some neurological disorders, due to its effect as a selective partial agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors found in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. Specifically, cycloserine affects the glycine-binding sites which are important for opening these NMDA channels.[1][2] Cycloserine is stable under basic conditions, with the greatest stability at pH = 11.5.[3] Under mildly acidic conditions, ite breaks down into hydroxylamine and D-serine, whereas under prolonged hydrolysis, it breaks down into hydroxylamine and DL-serine.[3][4] Antibiotic uses[edit] Anxiety.
Selegiline. Medical uses[edit] The main use of selegiline is in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It can be used on its own or in a combination with another agent, most often L-DOPA.[3] For the newly diagnosed Parkinson's patients, some claim that selegiline slows the progression of the disease, although this claim has not been widely accepted and the methodology has been rejected by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[4] It delays the time point when the L-DOPA (levodopa) treatment becomes necessary from 10-12 to 18 months,[5] which is beneficial despite not being definitive evidence of neuroprotection.
The idea behind adding selegiline to levodopa is to decrease the dose of levodopa and thus reduce the motor complications of levodopa therapy.[6] Comparisons of patients on levodopa + placebo vs levodopa + selegiline showed that selegiline allowed reduction of the levodopa dose by about 40%. Adverse effects[edit] Pharmacology[edit] Mechanism of Action[edit] Pharmacokinetics[edit] [edit] Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane. BPAP may also refer to the mode of mechanical ventilation known as BPAP or BPAP (-)-1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane ((-)-BPAP)[1] is a drug with an unusual effects profile. It can loosely be grouped with the stimulant or antidepressant drug families, but its mechanism of action is quite different.[2][3] Other drugs which produce this effect are the endogenous trace amines phenethylamine and tryptamine, and the neuroprotective MAO-B inhibitor selegiline.[6] However, while selegiline is a potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor, BPAP is only a weak MAO-A inhibitor at high doses, and at low doses produces only the activity enhancer effect.
BPAP has been shown to have neuroprotective effects similar to those of selegiline, and has been researched for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and clinical depression.[7] Amantadine. Amantadine (trade name Symmetrel, by Endo Pharmaceuticals) is a drug that has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use both as an antiviral and an antiparkinsonian drug. It is the organic compound 1-adamantylamine or 1-aminoadamantane, meaning it consists of an adamantane backbone that has an amino group substituted at one of the four methyne positions. Rimantadine is a closely related derivative of adamantane with similar biological properties.
Apart from medical uses, this compound is useful as a building block, allowing the insertion of an adamantyl group. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 100% of seasonal H3N2 and 2009 pandemic flu samples tested have shown resistance to adamantanes, and amantadine is no longer recommended for treatment of influenza in the United States. History[edit] Amantadine was approved by the U.S. Indications[edit] Parkinson's disease[edit] Influenza[edit] Off-label uses[edit] Adverse effects[edit] Synthesis[edit]
Dnld/ExpertGuidelines_000.pdf. Welcome to the Trichotillomania Learning Center. Dermatillomania. Excoriation disorder (also known as dermatillomania, skin-picking disorder, neurotic excoriation, acne excoriee, pathologic skin picking (PSP), compulsive skin picking (CSP) or psychogenic excoriation[1][2]) is an impulse control disorder characterized by the repeated urge to pick at one's own skin, often to the extent that damage is caused. Research has suggested that the urge to pick is similar to an obsessive compulsive disorder but others have argued that for some the condition is more akin to substance abuse disorder. The two main strategies for treating this condition are pharmacological and behavioral intervention. Classification[edit] Excoriation disorder is defined as "repetitive and compulsive picking of skin which results in tissue damage.
"[2] Its most official name had been dermatillomania for some time. Similarities with other conditions[edit] The inability to control the urge to pick is similar to the urge to compulsively pull one's own hair, i.e., trichotillomania. Dermatillomania - Skin Picking - Causes. As you sit before your favorite mirror, picking endlessly and by the hour at the skin on your face, neck, scalp, arms, shoulders, or wherever, you may wonder where did this strange behavior come from, in the first place. You may be a parent or schoolteacher watching a child pick unconsciously or uncontrollably and wonder why this child but not the others. As of yet, there is not one, concrete answer to what causes a person to pick so compulsively but there do seem to be a number of common triggers that may offer some insight into reasons behind the behavior.
Many compulsive skin picking causes are emotional or mental. Emotional trauma can lead to feelings of helplessness and insecurity. When a child is being traumatized and bullied by a parent, sibling, schoolmate, or anyone, he or she loses the feeling of being in control of their environment. In fact, the bullying makes the victim's personal space shrink. Not all skin picking causes are the result of chronic distress.
Skin Picking - Dermatillomania. Compulsive Skin Picking - Dermatillomania. Written by M. Williams, Ph.D. What Is Compulsive Skin Picking? Compulsive Skin Picking (CSP) is a body-focused repetitive behavior that results in the destruction of one's own skin. The face is usually the main target of skin picking, but Compulsive Skin Picking may involve any part of the body. Skin picking is a form of self-mutilation that can be quite serious, as people who suffer from CSP may experience bleeding, bruises, infections, scarring or even permanent damage to the skin. The behavior is oftten unconscious, and people with this compulsion may have difficulty stopping because they are often unaware of their actions.
Compulsive Skin Picking is also called dermatillomania. What Causes Compulsive Skin Picking? The cause of Compulsive Skin Picking is probably a combination of biological and environmental factors. Skin picking and OCD There are several reasons why people with CSP continue their behaviors: Skin-picking can result in a self-perpetuating cycle. Related Reading. The Complex Shame of Kleptomania. Complex Shame, Control and Remorse in Individuals with Kleptomania Shouldn’t a person who steals things from others feel ashamed? John Bradshaw discusses the difference between shame and guilt as: I am bad (shame) vs. I have done bad things (guilt). For this reason, shame often prevents people from seeking treatment for their stealing behavior. For many who do start treatment, shame can become a defensive obstacle that gets in the way of progress.
For example, instead of really thinking about their behavior, some people simply say, “I am a terrible person because I steal, period.” Shame can be a tricky way of not feeling guilt and not really taking responsibility for one’s life and actions. People in treatment for their stealing behaviors need to be able to question their behaviors, feelings and beliefs in order to break through denial about the reality of their impulse disorder. It can also be partly relieving. Related Pages.
Self-Esteem. Obviously, increasing a person’s self-esteem is not as easy as repeating positive statements over and over again, such as “I’m a good person.” Real improvements in self-esteem come from challenging the self-critical thoughts that caused the problem in the first place and engaging in behaviors that have been avoided. These “lifestyle tests” are the prime focus of cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that combines elements of both cognitive therapy and behavior therapy.
Cognitive therapy examines the way people’s thoughts about themselves, others, and the world affect their mental health. Behavior therapy investigates the way people’s actions influence their own lives and their interactions with others. By combining the two, CBT examines the way people can change their thoughts and behaviors in order to improve their lives. The CBT treatment for self-esteem focuses on addressing the causes of the problem. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Sexy-people-take-action | Charisma Arts. Sexy people please our aesthetics | Charisma Arts. Charisma Arts. Compassionate-Mind Social Confidence. Get Out of Your Mind & Into Your Life. Borderline Personality Disorder. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by emotion dysregulation, meaning quick, frequent, and painful mood swings that are beyond the control of the person with the problem.
People struggling with this problem have great difficulty forming and maintaining relationships. They also experience problems controlling their own spontaneous and reckless behaviors and often have a fluctuating idea about who they are. The overall theme for this disorder is rapid and unpredictable changes in a person’s thoughts, moods, behaviors, relationships, and beliefs. Very often, these rapid changes are caused by recurring fears of being criticized or deserted by other people, or they are triggered by actions of other people that feel like criticism, such as small disagreements or changes in plans. People who suffer with borderline personality disorder often have histories of intense relationships that begin and end very suddenly. Autoimmune Neurological Disorders.
Today's most exciting frontier of OCD research stems from a remarkable finding reported in 1997 by psychiatrists Susan Swedo, Judith Rapoport and colleagues at the National Institutes of Mental Health. What the NIMH researchers have discovered is that childhood OCD is frequently associated with group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infections--strep throat! This research had its start a decade ago with the study of OCD's link to Sydenham's chorea, a now rare disease of childhood that was seen frequently before the age of antibiotics. Once known as Saint Vitus' dance, Sydenham's is characterized by the sudden onset of neurological symptoms ranging from mild clumsiness and a tendency to drop objects to unrestrained flailing of the arms and delirium.
Sydenham's, it has been discovered, is an autoimmune disease. OCD has long been known to bear a relationship to Sydenham's, which is characterized by obsessions and compulsions in over half of all cases. Dr. Dr. Neurobiology. Imagine being unable to control your thoughts and feeling powerless until you perform specific acts or rituals. This is the situation people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) confront daily. According to Dr. Jeffrey Schwartz’s March/April 1997 Science & Medicine article, entitled "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder," scientists have discovered new evidence that explains some causes of OCD.
In short, OCD is an illness in which patients experience obsessions and then act on them by performing compulsions. Although the patient realizes that these obsessions and compulsions are "unwanted, unreasonable and excessive," the person cannot stop listening to the thoughts and acting on them because of the pure feeling of dread the patient experiences until the compulsions are correctly performed.
The primary question for scientists is how OCD manifests in the brain and what the biological basis of the disorder is. Self-Help Article: Mindfulness. By Dr. Jeffrey Schwartz There are very effective treatments available for treating obsessive compulsive disorder, and the suffering from the symptoms can be very profound--even to the point where people seriously contemplate ending their lives through suicide in an attempt to escape them. There are now ways to treat this disorder effectively, combining both the use of medication as well as things you can learn to do with your mind itself.
Mental training can be really effective in helping people with obsessive compulsive disorder change not only their functioning and the pragmatic clinical course of the disorder, but also as we're going to see change the brain itself. This brings us to the second aspect, perhaps as important as the first: the profound implications of medical science demonstrating that what people do with their mind affects how the brain works. Another important brain structure for understanding OCD is the caudate nucleus.
Now what can one do about this? About Mindfulness. Four Steps. If you have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, you will be relieved to learn of significant advances in the treatment of this condition. Over the past twenty years, behavior therapy has been shown to be extremely effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The concept of self-treatment as part of a behavioral therapy approach is a major advance. In this manual, I will teach you how to become your own behavioral therapist. By learning some basic facts about OCD, and recognizing that it is a medical condition that responds to treatment, you will be able to overcome the urges to do compulsive behaviors and will master new ways to cope with bothersome, obsessive thoughts.
At UCLA, we call this approach "cognitive-biobehavioral self-treatment. " The technique is called response prevention because you learn to prevent your habitual compulsive responses and to replace them with new, more constructive behaviors. The goal is to perform these steps daily. Step 1: Relabel. Dr. Gorbis' Intensive OCD Program: It Works! By Eda Gorbis, Ph.D., M.F.CC. with Daniel Anan’yev, B.S. An intensive program that I developed at the Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, Inc. for the treatment of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) combines modern exposure treatment with self-analytical writing.
This program has consistently and significantly improved the condition of OCD patients who have been treated with it. OCD is a multifaceted anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior that is engaged in by the sufferer to gain what ends up as only temporary relief. Heritable in nature, OCD affects 3% of the population of the United States and was untreatable until Victor Meyer developed the first modern exposure and response prevention treatment (E&RP) in 1966. My variation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is based on using writing techniques which increase mindfulness and awareness of the maladaptive associations that reinforce OCD symptoms. Endnotes: Dr. Schwartz Technique for Rewiring Compulsions.