Intelligence: The History of Psychometrics. This essay will provide a cursory snapshot of the changing conception of intelligence since 1904, beginning with Charles Spearman’s General Intelligence Objectively Determined and Measured.
According to an authoritative and highly cited (1839 times since 1996) decree from a task force assembled by the American Psychologist: 1 Intelligence is a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. It is not merely book-learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings "catching on," "making sense" of things, or "figuring out" what to do. the niche.
The Positive Foundation. Big Thinkers: Howard Gardner on Multiple Intelligences. Howard Gardner: We have schools because we hope that someday when children have left schools that they will still be able to use what it is that they've learned.
And there is now a massive amount of evidence from all realms of science that unless individuals take a very active role in what it is that they're studying, unless they learn to ask questions, to do things hands-on, to essentially recreate things in their own mind and then transform them as is needed, the ideas just disappear. The student may have a good grade on the exam. Reframing the Mind. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Basic Books, 1983) Multiple Intelligences: The Theory into Practice (Basic Books, 1993) Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century (Basic Books, 1999) By Howard Gardner Checked by Daniel T.
Willingham What would you think if your child came home from school and reported that the language-arts lesson of the day included using twigs and leaves to spell words? Armstrong is far from alone in placing faith in Gardner’s theory of “multiple intelligences.” Central Claims Gardner first proposed his theory in 1983. . • Gardner says that most psychometricians, those who devise and interpret tests as a way of probing the nature of intelligence, conceive of intelligence as unitary. This is not an accurate characterization of the position taken by most psychometricians.
. • There are multiple, independent intelligences. . • The multiple intelligences theory has applications to education. The Illusory Theory of Multiple Intelligences. A very attractive theory, but does it have any substance?
General intelligence versus multiple intelligences According to mainstream intelligence research, there exists a broad form of mental ability known as “general” intelligence that underlies a wide range of narrower, more specific abilities. IQ tests are intended to provide a measure of this broad general ability, as well as some of the specific ones. MultipleIntelligenceMusic2.pdf. General Intelligence. What is it?
The scientific idea of general intelligence, often called 'g', was initially introduced by Charles Spearman in 1904. According to Spearman, people have varying amount of general intelligence that are used in most cognitive tasks. Often overlooked, Spearman also proposed that there are specific intelligences that are used within particular areas that are not related to other cognitive tasks. For example, a specific intelligence may be a high verbal ability that helps a person articulate and share his or her thoughts. This verbal ability may not be related to that person’s ability to navigate through an unfamiliar city.
Although it has been much maligned in recent years outside the research field and much more needs to be known, g remains relatively strongly supported by research findings. Why do we care? Intelligence test scores predict things like long-term performance in school, how much schooling one will receive, and what type of job one will get. Article. The legendary Stanford psychologist helped hundreds of gifted children and showed America that it's okay to be smart.
But behind his crusade was a disturbing social vision. To the Los Angeles juvenile authorities in 1923, Edward Dmytryk was an ordinary runaway trying to escape a vicious father who tore up his schoolbooks and clubbed him with a two-by-four. Mr. Dmytryk wanted his 14-year-old son back -- if only, as the caseworker suspected, because Edward brought home vital income. While the authorities deliberated, a letter arrived from Professor Lewis Terman, the nation's most famous psychologist and the man who had planted the term "IQ" in America's vocabulary. Edward's high score on an IQ test had qualified him for Terman's pathbreaking Genetic Study of Genius.
Though the more than 1,000 youngsters enrolled in his study didn't know it at the time, they were embarking on a lasting relationship. Big Thinkers: Howard Gardner on Multiple Intelligences. Howard Gardner: We have schools because we hope that someday when children have left schools that they will still be able to use what it is that they've learned.
And there is now a massive amount of evidence from all realms of science that unless individuals take a very active role in what it is that they're studying, unless they learn to ask questions, to do things hands-on, to essentially recreate things in their own mind and then transform them as is needed, the ideas just disappear. The student may have a good grade on the exam. We may think that he or she is learning, but a year or two later there's nothing left. The idea of multiple intelligences comes out of psychology. We have this myth that the only way to learn something is read it in a textbook or hear a lecture on it, and the only way to show that we've understood something is to take a short-answer test or maybe occasionally with an essay question thrown in.
So let's take the area of science. Microsoft Word - FAQ 3 20 13.docx - faq_march2013.pdf. Big Thinkers: Howard Gardner on Multiple Intelligences. The Illusory Theory of Multiple Intelligences.