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Id, ego and super-ego

Id, ego and super-ego
Although the model is structural and makes reference to an apparatus, the id, ego and super-ego are purely symbolic concepts about the mind and do not correspond to actual somatic structures of the brain (such as the kind dealt with by neuroscience). The concepts themselves arose at a late stage in the development of Freud's thought: the "structural model" (which succeeded his "economic model" and "topographical model") was first discussed in his 1920 essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle and was formalized and elaborated upon three years later in his The Ego and the Id. Freud's proposal was influenced by the ambiguity of the term "unconscious" and its many conflicting uses. Id[edit] According to Freud the id is unconscious by definition: In the id, "contrary impulses exist side by side, without cancelling each other out. ... Developmentally, the id precedes the ego; i.e., the psychic apparatus begins, at birth, as an undifferentiated id, part of which then develops into a structured ego.

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud (/frɔɪd/;[2] German pronunciation: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏ̯t]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist, now known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Vienna in 1881,[3] and then carried out research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy at the Vienna General Hospital.[4] Upon completing his habilitation in 1895, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology in the same year and became an affiliated professor (professor extraordinarius) in 1902.[5][6] Psychoanalysis remains influential within psychotherapy, within some areas of psychiatry, and across the humanities. As such, it continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate with regard to its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or is detrimental to the feminist cause.[10] Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture.

www.betterhelp By Nadia Khan Updated December 18, 2018 Reviewer Whitney White, MS. CMHC, NCC., LPC Understanding transference in psychology can be a difficult concept to grasp. Source: flickr.com Sigmund Freud first developed the concept of transference in his book Studies on Hysteria (1895). Freud asserted that transference is often related to unresolved issues occurring in the patient's past. Since Freud, there have been other ways of describing transference. Other Types of Transference Non-familial transference occurs when individuals treat others according to what they have idealized the person to be instead of who they are. Maternal transference occurs when an individual treats another person the same way they would expect their mother or a maternal figure to be. Paternal transference is much like maternal transference except when the individual looks at another person in a fatherly role. Sibling transference is unlike maternal or paternal. Patient-Therapist Transference Source: health.mil References

Georges Danton Georges Jacques Danton (French: [ʒɔʁʒ dɑ̃tɔ̃]; 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution, in particular as the first president of the Committee of Public Safety. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic".[1] He was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terror after accusations of venality and leniency toward the enemies of the Revolution. Early life[edit] Danton was born in Arcis-sur-Aube in northeastern France to Jacques Danton and Mary Camus; a respectable, but not wealthy family. After obtaining a good education he became an Advocate in Paris.[3] He married Antoinette Gabrielle Charpentier (6 January 1760 – 10 February 1793) on 14 June 1787 at the church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois in Paris. Antoinette Gabrielle Charpentier Danton Revolution[edit] Rise[edit]

www.healthline Share on Pinterest Transference occurs when a person redirects some of their feelings or desires for another person to an entirely different person. One example of transference is when you observe characteristics of your father in a new boss. As another example, you may meet a new neighbor and immediately see a physical resemblance to a previous spouse. Transference can happen even in the face of distinct differences. Transference can also happen in a healthcare setting. Sometimes, as part of their therapy process, some therapists even actively encourage it. For instance, the therapist may see an unconscious reaction to intimacy in their patient’s inability to form strong bonds with significant others. Countertransference occurs when a therapist redirects their own feelings or desires onto their patients. Therapists are guided by strict professional codes. For example, a therapist can’t be your friend outside of the therapy setting. Projection and transference are very similar.

Claude Lorrain French painter, draughtsman and etcher (d. 1682) Claude Lorrain (French: [klod lɔ.ʁɛ̃]; born Claude Gellée [ʒəle], called le Lorrain in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c. 1600 – 23 November 1682) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in Italy, and is one of the earliest important artists, apart from his contemporaries in Dutch Golden Age painting, to concentrate on landscape painting. His landscapes are usually turned into the more prestigious genre of history paintings by the addition of a few small figures, typically representing a scene from the Bible or classical mythology. By the end of the 1630s he was established as the leading landscapist in Italy, and enjoyed large fees for his work. He was a prolific creator of drawings in pen and very often monochrome watercolour "wash", usually brown but sometimes grey. From this point, Claude's reputation was secured. Figures and other non-landscape elements [edit]

www.psychologytoday My 24-year-old male patient, who has entered my most recent posts, looks to me to struggle with his issues, but he does not look to me for comfort. I characterize our relationship as one that involves a lot of mutual fondness. He sees me as an intelligent participant in his life who helps him think and reflect on his life, but he also experiences me as emotionally distant. Transference, first described by Sigmund Freud, is a phenomenon in psychotherapy in which there is an unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. In the case of this patient, he has a distant mom and a warm dad who he does not see very often. article continues after advertisement I know that my critics are going to argue that perhaps I am a cold person and so this is not transference, but rather a repetition of his past. According to The Source, published in 2001, "During transference, people turn into a 'biological time machine."' My client wants to grow and he wants to feel comfort.

Francis Galton Sir Francis Galton, FRS (/ˈɡɔːltən/; 16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian era statistician, progressive, polymath, sociologist, psychologist,[1][2] anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician. He was knighted in 1909. Galton produced over 340 papers and books. He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies. He was a pioneer in eugenics, coining the term itself[3] and the phrase "nature versus nurture".[4] His book Hereditary Genius (1869) was the first social scientific attempt to study genius and greatness.[5] Early life[edit]

www.verywellmind In psychoanalytic theory, transference occurs when a client projects feelings about someone else, particularly someone encountered in childhood, onto her therapist. Frequently spoken about in reference to the therapeutic relationship, the classic example of sexual transference is falling in love with one’s therapist. However, you might also transfer feelings such as rage, anger, distrust, or dependence. There are three types of transference: While transference is typically a term for the mental health field, it can manifest in your daily life when your brain tries to comprehend a current experience by examining the present through the past and, to your detriment, limiting the input of new information. Transference Is Multilayered and Complex Transference can sometimes be an obstacle to therapy, as the client may feel a temptation to cut off the relationship altogether, or may become sullen and withdrawn during sessions, which impedes progress. Positive Transference Negative Transference

Havelock Ellis Henry Havelock Ellis, known as Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 – 8 July 1939), was an English physician, writer, progressive intellectual and social reformer who studied human sexuality. He co-authored the first medical textbook in English on homosexuality in 1897, and also published works on a variety of sexual practices and inclinations, as well as on transgender psychology. He is credited[by whom?] with introducing the notions of narcissism and autoeroticism, later adopted by psychoanalysis. Ellis was among the pioneering investigators of psychedelic drugs and the author of one of the first written reports to the public about an experience with mescaline, which he conducted on himself in 1896. He supported eugenics and served as president[when?] Early life and teaching career[edit] Ellis, son of Edward Peppen Ellis and Susannah Mary Wheatley, was born in Croydon, Surrey (now part of Greater London). Medicine and psychology[edit] Eonism[edit] Marriage[edit] Edith Lees and Havelock Ellis

en.m.wikipedia Transference (German: Übertragung) is a theoretical phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection (projection) of the feelings a person has about their parents, as one example, on to the therapist. It usually concerns feelings from a primary relationship during childhood. At times, this projection can be considered inappropriate.[1][2][3] Transference was first described by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, who considered it an important part of psychoanalytic treatment. Occurrence[edit] It is common for people to transfer feelings about their parents to their partners or children (that is, cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance, or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue. Transference and countertransference during psychotherapy[edit]

Ernest Jones Alfred Ernest Jones FRCP MRCS (1 January 1879 – 11 February 1958) was a Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst. A lifelong friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud from their first meeting in 1908, he became his official biographer. Jones was the first English-speaking practitioner of psychoanalysis and became its leading exponent in the English-speaking world. As President of both the International Psychoanalytical Association and the British Psycho-Analytical Society in the 1920s and 1930s, Jones exercised a formative influence in the establishment of their organisations, institutions and publications. Early life and career[edit] Ernest Jones was born in Gowerton (formerly Ffosfelin), Wales, an industrial village on the outskirts of Swansea, the first child of Thomas and Ann Jones. After obtaining his medical degrees, Jones specialised in neurology and took a number of posts in London hospitals. Personal life[edit] In 1917 Jones married the Welsh musician Morfydd Llwyn Owen. Works[edit] 1912.

en.m.wikipedia Shared beliefs and ideas in society Collective consciousness, collective conscience, or collective conscious (French: conscience collective) is the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.[1] In general, it does not refer to the specifically moral conscience, but to a shared understanding of social norms.[2] Historical use of collective consciousness[edit] Scipio Sighele published ‘La Foule Criminele’ one year before Durkheim, in which he describes emergent characteristics of crowds that don’t appear in the individuals that form the crowd. He doesn’t call this collective consciousness, but ‘âme de la foule’ (soul of the crowd).[10] This term returns in Sigmund Freud’s book about mass psychology and essentially overlaps with Durkheims concept of collective consciousness. Theories of collective consciousness[edit] Durkheim[edit] Gramsci[edit] Zukerfield[edit] Collective consciousness in society[edit] Literary and oral tradition[edit]

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