Center for Positive Organizational Scholarship Great Ideas in Personality--Theory and Research Ricky Gervais: Why I Don't Believe in a God The British amateur who debunked the mathematics of happiness | Science | The Observer Nick Brown does not look like your average student. He's 53 for a start and at 6ft 4in with a bushy moustache and an expression that jackknifes between sceptical and alarmed, he is reminiscent of a mid-period John Cleese. He can even sound a bit like the great comedian when he embarks on an extended sardonic riff, which he is prone to do if the subject rouses his intellectual suspicion. A couple of years ago that suspicion began to grow while he sat in a lecture at the University of East London, where he was taking a postgraduate course in applied positive psychology. There was a slide showing a butterfly graph – the branch of mathematical modelling most often associated with chaos theory. According to the graph, it all came down to a specific ratio of positive emotions to negative emotions. It was as simple as that. It seemed incredible to Brown, as though it had been made up. Fredrickson is the object of widespread admiration in the field of psychology.
馬丁·布伯- 台灣Wiki 關係本體論述 本體論的研究一向是西方哲學的核心，從古代哲學的宇宙本體論，到中世紀的神性本體論，直到近代的理性本體論。本體論研究逃不脫實體概念的制約。也就是說，無論怎樣變化，一種獨立不依的實體存在始終是本體論的根本。 那麼究竟什麼是「關係」呢？ 「我―它」的關係在布伯看來只是一種經驗和利用的關係。 與「我―它」關係相反，布伯強調「我―你」是一種真正的關係。 在這種「關係」的世界觀下，西方近代哲學縈繞於懷的種種問題也就釋然而解了。 在這個世界中，「我」面對的世界，決然不是一個「它」的世界，我視世界為「你」。 與「直接性」一樣，「相互性」是本源性關係的另一基本特徵。 在強調了「直接性」和「相互性」之後，我們能比較確鑿地來把握布伯所謂的「關係」。 「之間」是與以往近代哲學中主體性領域相區別的標誌，因為「之間」不可能在「我」之中發現，不可能在意向性中發現，不可能在主體的內在性中發現，也不可能在我理解的世界的對象性中發現。 這樣，我與你雖結合在一起，但不會變成一個事物。 如果從動態來看這種關係，就是「相遇」。 通過「直接性」「相互性」「之間」「相遇」等概念，布伯為我們描繪了一個本源性的關係世界。 我們把「我―你」的關係稱為布伯的「關係本體論」。 在不同的本體論關照下，世界呈現出不同的面目，布伯深諳這一點。 流俗的世界觀即「我―它」關係所表示的，而「我―你」揭示的則是本真的世界。 要注意，這樣的論述並不是說態度先於關係，什麼樣的態度決定採取什麼樣的關係。 世界面目全新在何處？ 通過語言，我們可以進一步來理解「我―你」關係。 從另一個角度來看，世界之呈現為雙重，言說也必然是雙重的。 其二是關於時間問題的理解。 那麼，在布伯的「關係本體論」下的「現時」，究竟作何解釋呢？ 而「過去」這一概念是解釋「言及…」的東西的，它屬於「我－它」關係。 其三是關於世界整體的理解。 布伯是這樣回答的：「我們經驗到『你』什麼？ 這也就是說，在「我―它」關係下，日常的認知關係中，我把世界理解為對象，但「你」之世界絕不是一個對象世界。 從經驗的角度看，「你」之世界，乃是無。 其四，對世界的關注，最終是對人自身的自由和命運的關注。 布伯認為自由的本質是皈依，對上帝的皈依，可以使人以沉靜的力量改造世界,扭轉乾坤。 我們看到在「關係本體論」的視野中，世界呈現出有別於日常經驗的樣態。 皈依「永恆之你」 皈依「永恆之你」就要拋棄這世界，歷史上的虔誠者曾如是說。
:: Authentic Happiness :: Using the new Positive Psychology Ben’s Top 11 Positive Psychology Internet ResourcesBy Ben Dean, Ph.D. 1. Website for Reflective Happiness The most interesting new website in Positive Psychology is Marty Seligman's "Reflective Happiness" site at www.reflectivehappiness.com. 2. Barbara Fredrickson is perhaps most famous for her “broaden-and-build” theory of positive emotions. 3. If you can follow only one link, start here. 4. This is an active listserv for anyone interested in positive psychology (not just academics). 5. You may recognize Jonathan Haidt’s name from my newsletters about strengths because I often borrow his creative ideas on building individual strengths. 6. Definitely spend an afternoon at this site if you have not already done so as this is truly a remarkable resource. 7. Here is an excerpt from the Foundation’s mission statement: Established in 1995 as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, The Random Acts of Kindness Foundation is a resource for people committed to spreading kindness. 8. 9. 10. 11. Warmly,
Tests Take one of our free personality tests, many of which are based on peer-reviewed scientific research, and all of which are crafted by experts in psychometrics. Random Test Click to access a random test. Lotus Test The White Lotus Test measures which of seven characters from the show White Lotus, season-one, you resemble the most. Political Test The Political Pathways Test is a short and contemporary Political Coordinates-style test that incorporates the dimension of globalism vs. localism. Impurity Test The Impurity Test measures your levels of purity with regard to alcohol, drugs, sex, hygiene, and general morality. Conflict Test Based on the work of K.W Thomas, the Conflict-Handling Test analyzes our styles of conflict management across 5 different domains. Cultural Test The Cultural Dimensions Test is used to understand the differences in culture across countries. Asexuality Test The Asexuality Spectrum Test will determine the elements of your possible asexuality across 6 scales.
Carl Jung’s 5 Key Elements To Happiness I love reading Carl Jung, especially his book Memories, Dreams, Reflections. His work is very challenging, however, so to get a Jung fix, I read a bunch of interviews that he gave, which were printed in the collection, C.G. Jung Speaking. In 1960, journalist Gordon Young asked Jung, “What do you consider to be more or less basic factors making for happiness in the human mind?” 1. Jung, always mindful of paradox, added, “All factors which are generally assumed to make for happiness can, under certain circumstances, produce the contrary. I did disagree with Jung on one point. For me, at least, the more mindful I am about happiness, the happier I become. What do you think of Jung’s list? * Count down to March 1! Gretchen Rubin is the author of the #1 New York Times Bestseller, The Happiness Project—an account of the year she spent test-driving the wisdom of the ages, current scientific studies, and lessons from popular culture about how to be happier.
Happiness: Pictures, Videos, Breaking News First Date Conversation: 5 Things Research Says You Should Talk About First date conversation can be awkward. What do you talk about? How can you come across well? Science has answers. 1) Talk Travel, Not Movies In a study by Richard Wiseman, less than 9% of couples that talked movies wanted a second date vs 18% of couples that talked about travel. Via Quirkology: How We Discover the Big Truths in Small Things. When talking about movies, less than 9 percent of the pairs wanted to meet up again, compared to 18 percent when participants spoke about the top topic—travel… the conversations about travel tended to revolve around great holidays and dream destinations, and that makes people feel good and so appear more attractive to one another. 2) It’s Not Just What You Talk About, It’s How You Talk Add to what they say and bounce the ball back. This is how to have smooth first date conversation. Avoid extremes in autonomy. Via Brain Trust: 93 Top Scientists Reveal Lab-Tested Secrets to Surfing, Dating, Dieting, Gambling, Growing Man-Eating Plants, and More! Via OkCupid:
The Glee Club My first assignment was the gratitude visit. It goes like this: Pick a person in your life whom you'd like to thank, someone who has meant a lot to you. Write this person a letter. After you've written it, call the person and ask to visit. Whom to thank? I shared my fears with Martin Seligman, a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania and the man who had in effect given me the assignment. Tasks such as the gratitude visit were first introduced in Seligman's popular book Authentic Happiness , in which he outlines positive psychology , a movement he founded in the late 1990s. Positive psychology focuses on cultivating personality strengths and honing an optimistic approach to life rather than on cataloging human frailty and disease, which Seligman says has too long been the focus of psychology. If you want to learn to be a happier person, only a relatively small body of knowledge exists to help you, Seligman says.
Great Ideas in Personality--Tests Personality Tests This page links to numerous online personality tests, with an emphasis on free, professional tests that provide feedback. To view an example of one of these tests, see the SAPA Project. To learn more about personality theory, see the Personality Project. General Personality Sheldon Test This test provides scores on Sheldon's psychological types: viscerotonia, somatotonia, and cerebrotonia. ~ Flip to top ~ Attachment Theory Attachment Style Questionnaire "The statements below concern how you feel in emotionally intimate relationships. Basic Emotions Anxiety Test After finishing this 10-item test, "you will receive a detailed, personalized interpretation of your score that includes diagrams, information on the test topic and tips." Behavior Genetics Sibling and Twin Relationships Survey "You will be asked to answer a variety of questionnaires about your relationships with your siblings and other family members. Behaviorism Cognitive Social Theories Five-Factor Model Intelligence
How The Happiest People In The World Spend Their Money Increasingly, the stories people tell me about their work and life choices break the conventional mold: A twentysomething entrepreneur starts a business while holding down another job and living on friend’s couch. He’s trading financial insecurity today for work he feels passionate about and a distant promise of a future payoff. A fortysomething father of two with a stay-at-home wife walks away from a lucrative legal career without knowing what his next step will be because he can’t tolerate the stress and relentless hours any longer. A single mother of three gets laid off and decides to start a not-for-profit instead of finding another job in advertising. Their unique journeys not only challenge the traditional wisdom about the path we “should” follow with our work and careers, but they also challenge the standard rules about money. Work, life, and money are intertwined intimately, and yet they’re rarely addressed together. Be more mindful about what your money could buy.