Bretton Woods Conference The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.[1] The conference was held from the 1st to 22nd of July, 1944. Agreements were executed that later established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, which is part of today's World Bank Group) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Purposes and goals[edit] The Bretton Woods Conference took place in July 1944, but some of its core accords did not become operative until December 1958, when all European currencies became convertible. The main terms of this agreement were: Encouraging open markets[edit] The seminal idea behind the Bretton Woods Conference was the notion of open markets. Failed proposals[edit] Quotes[edit]
Bitcoin Decentralized digital currency Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC[a] or XBT[b]; sign: ₿) is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. The Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, and a further forty-two have implicitly banned it.[15] A few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. Bitcoin has been described as an economic bubble by at least eight recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.[17] Design Units and divisibility The unit of account of the bitcoin system is the bitcoin. Blockchain Data structure of blocks in the ledger Transactions Ownership Mining Supply Decentralization Wallets History
Economics in Crisis by J. Bradford DeLong Exit from comment view mode. Click to hide this space BERKELEY – The most interesting moment at a recent conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire – site of the 1945 conference that created today’s global economic architecture – came when Financial Times columnist Martin Wolf quizzed former United States Treasury Secretary Larry Summers, President Barack Obama’s ex-assistant for economic policy. Here is the most interesting part of Summers’ long answer: “There is a lot in [Walter] Bagehot that is about the crisis we just went through. Bagehot (1826-1877) was a mid-nineteenth-century editor of The Economist who published a book about financial markets, Lombard Street, in 1873. Minsky (1919-1996) is best approached not through his collected essays, entitled Can “It” Happen Again? Summers then enlarged his answer to include living economists: “Eichengreen, Akerlof, Shiller, many, many others.” I think that Summers’ judgments are fair and correct.
¿Qué dice tu letra de ti? Descúbrelo en este infográfico gigante sobre grafología La grafología es una de esas ciencias limítrofes que gozan de tantos adeptos como escépticos: en un sentido forense e incluso paleográfico, ubicar y reconocer las recurrencias en la forma de las letras de una persona puede servir no sólo para identificar a sus autores, sino para establecer ciertas pautas de personalidad: el estado emocional sería, si no evidente, sí posiblemente diferenciable a través del énfasis con que apoyamos el instrumento de escritura. Además de servir para identificar más de 5 mil patrones de personalidad, la grafología médica puede ayudar a reconocer etapas tempranas de enfermedades degenerativas.
Beyond Money: Notes on Neoliberalism and its Alternative In our modern world of reality television, smartphones, and Wal-Mart, it is easy for one to forget that there is a network of influences and power structures that direct the course of our daily lives as individuals and as a society. While one may worry that he or she will not catch the bus or that a thief might break into one’s car and steal the stereo, we pay little mind to what is needed to make the buses run or why an individual may turn to a life of thievery. Even major issues, such as the scare that the United States government might have shut down in the face of a debt crisis or the Occupy Wall Street protests, receive their time in the spotlight on major news networks and are then glossed over in a matter of weeks. To wit: when was the last time you thought about Darfur, or Goldman Sachs? However, there is something else about capitalism that most people do not know: there is an alternative. The Roots of Capitalism Shock and Awe A World without Money Then, what else is there?
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The truth about free will - and more good reads The best reads from around the web, including the language we’ll speak in 2115, and whether free will is an illusion. A mile wide, an inch deep Evan Williams | Medium | 5 January 2015 Quantity is easy to measure; quality much harder. Is Buzzfeed “bigger” than the New York Times? In page-views, perhaps yes. What the world will speak in 2115 John McWhorter | Wall Street Journal | 2 January 2015 The number of languages commonly spoken around the world will shrink from 6,000 to 600 in the coming century, thanks to globalisation and urbanisation. Some 2015 predictions John Herrman | Awl | 5 January 2015 The end of the website is nigh. New clues David Weinberger & Doc Searls | Cluetrain | 8 January 2015 The truth about free will Daniel Dennett & Nigel Warburton | Salon | 28 December 2014 “Suppose you had a complete atom-by-atom history of every giraffe that ever lived, and every giraffe ancestor that ever lived. Is string theory about to unravel? Brian Greene | Smithsonian | 19 December 2014
Money A sample picture of a fictional ATM card. The largest part of the world's money exists only as accounting numbers which are transferred between financial computers. Various plastic cards and other devices give individual consumers the power to electronically transfer such money to and from their bank accounts, without the use of currency. Money is any object or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.[1][2][3] The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, occasionally in the past, a standard of deferred payment.[4][5] Any kind of object or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered money. The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and usually includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Etymology History Functions Types