Ignoria Empecé a leer a Borges en mi juventud, cuando todavía no era un autor de fama internacional. En esos años su nombre era una contraseñaentre iniciados y la lectura de sus obras el culto secreto de unos cuantos adeptos. En México, hacia 1940, los adeptos éramos un grupo de jóvenes y uno que otro mayor reticente: José Luis Martínez, Alí Chumacero, Xavier Villaurrutia y algunos más. Era un escritor para escritores. Lo seguíamos a través de las revistas de aquella época. En números sucesivos de Sur yo leí la serie de cuentos admirables que después, en 1941, formarían su primer libro de ficciones: El jardín de los senderos que se bifurcan. Todavía guardo la vieja edición de pasta azul, letras blancas y, en tinta más oscura, la flecha indicando un sur más metafísico que geográfico. El primero que me habló de la persona real, con asombro y afecto, fue Alfonso Reyes. Nuestros otros encuentros, en México y en Buenos Aires, fueron más afortunados. Lo volví a ver el año pasado, en Nueva York.
Asperger syndrome Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger disorder (AD) or simply Asperger's, is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical (peculiar, odd) use of language are frequently reported.[1][2] The syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger who, in 1944, studied and described children in his practice who lacked nonverbal communication skills, demonstrated limited empathy with their peers, and were physically clumsy.[3] The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1981[4] and went through a period of popularization,[5][6] becoming standardized as a diagnosis in the early 1990s. Classification Causes
Magic realism Style of literary fiction and art Irene Guenther (1995) tackles the German roots of the term, and how an earlier magic realist art is related to a later magic realist literature;[13] meanwhile, magical realism is often associated with Latin-American literature, including founders of the genre, particularly the authors Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende, Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo, Miguel Ángel Asturias, Elena Garro, Mireya Robles, Rómulo Gallegos and Arturo Uslar Pietri. In English literature, its chief exponents include Neil Gaiman, Salman Rushdie, Alice Hoffman, Nick Joaquin, and Nicola Barker. In Bengali literature, prominent writers of magic realism include Nabarun Bhattacharya, Akhteruzzaman Elias, Shahidul Zahir, Jibanananda Das and Syed Waliullah. Etymology and literary origins[edit] The term first appeared as the German magischer Realismus ('magical realism'). Literary magic realism originated in Latin America. Characteristics[edit] Fantastical Realism elements[edit] [edit]
Postmodernism The term postmodernism has been applied both to the era following modernity, and to a host of movements within that era (mainly in art, music, and literature) that reacted against tendencies in modernism.[5] Postmodernism includes skeptical critical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, linguistics, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. Postmodernism is often associated with schools of thought such as deconstruction and post-structuralism, as well as philosophers such as Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and Frederic Jameson. Origins of term[edit] In 1921 and 1925, postmodernism had been used to describe new forms of art and music. In 1942 H. Peter Drucker suggested the transformation into a post modern world happened between 1937 and 1957 (when he was writing). Influential postmodernist philosophers[edit] Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) Michel Foucault (1926–1984) Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998) Deconstruction[edit]
Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.[4] From 1939–1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.[5] During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.[6] His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. Philosophical Investigations appeared as a book in 1953 and by the end of the century it was considered an important modern classic.[7] Philosopher Bertrand Russell described Wittgenstein as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating".[8] Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a large fortune from his father in 1913. Background[edit] The Wittgensteins[edit]
"¡Maten a Borges!" Joaquín Marof La anécdota que voy a contar tiene varios pasados y en los corredores literarios del Buenos Aires de los años setenta todavía suscitaba respuestas extremas; no se sabe si cada vez que salía a la luz mediante charlas o anécdotas secundarias, en épocas como ésta, se enardecía en Argentina esa disputa moderna que toda cultura libra por el dominio de su propio canon literario o si la polarización política, previa a la instauración brutal de la dictadura, le imprimía a todos los ambientes una buena dosis de sensibilidad bélica y un deseo de aniquilación mutua. Los poetas y narradores cultistas, los adoradores de la forma y súbditos alegres de la obra e influencia de Borges, la entendían en una dimensión que muchas veces rayaba en lo literal. Una de las últimas interpretaciones de la leyenda la dio el escritor Ricardo Piglia. Gombrowicz vivió en Argentina durante su exilio casi involuntario de veinticuatro años.
Nootropic Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtrɒpɨks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks), also referred to as smart drugs, memory enhancers, neuro enhancers, cognitive enhancers, and intelligence enhancers, are drugs, supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that improve one or more aspects of mental function, such as working memory, motivation, and attention.[1][2] The word nootropic was coined in 1972 by the Romanian Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea,[3][4] derived from the Greek words νους nous, or "mind", and τρέπειν trepein meaning to bend or turn.[5] Availability and prevalence[edit] At present, there are only a few drugs which have been shown to improve some aspect of cognition in medical reviews. These drugs are purportedly used primarily to treat cognitive or motor function difficulties attributable to such disorders as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and ADHD. Academic use[edit] Several factors positively and negatively influence the use of drugs to increase cognitive performance. Drugs[edit]
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki Jun'ichirō Tanizaki谷崎 潤一郎 Tanizaki en 1913, peu après le début de sa carrière. Œuvres principales Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (谷崎 潤一郎, Tanizaki Jun'ichirō?) La jeunesse[modifier | modifier le code] Jun'ichirō Tanizaki est né en 1886 dans une riche famille marchande d'un vieux quartier de Tokyo. Cet homme adopta et prit pour gendres deux garçons de la famille Ezawa, grossiste en saké, autrefois très fortunée. Choyé au sein de cette grande famille, Jun'ichirō passe plusieurs années de bonheur auprès de sa mère, réputée pour sa beauté, et de sa vieille nourrice affectueuse. De multiples activités populaires, les fêtes traditionnelles de quartier et le spectacle de kabuki rythmaient la vie des Tanizaki ; ces manifestations de la culture ancestrale laisseront des impressions profondes chez le jeune Jun'ichirō. Le grand-père maternel meurt en 1888. Le sentiment de son humiliation tourmente sérieusement l’adolescent qui ne manque pas d’ambition. La naissance de l’écrivain[modifier | modifier le code]
Reader-response criticism Although literary theory has long paid some attention to the reader's role in creating the meaning and experience of a literary work, modern reader-response criticism began in the 1960s and '70s, particularly in America and Germany, in work by Norman Holland, Stanley Fish, Wolfgang Iser, Hans-Robert Jauss, Roland Barthes, and others. Important predecessors were I. A. Richards, who in 1929 analyzed a group of Cambridge undergraduates' misreadings; Louise Rosenblatt, who, in Literature as Exploration (1938), argued that it is important for the teacher to avoid imposing any "preconceived notions about the proper way to react to any work"; and C. S. Types[edit] One can sort reader-response theorists into three groups: those who focus upon the individual reader's experience ("individualists"); those who conduct psychological experiments on a defined set of readers ("experimenters"); and those who assume a fairly uniform response by all readers ("uniformists"). Individualists[edit] Some[who?]
Маяковский, Владимир Владимирович Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский (7 [19] июля 1893, Багдати, Кутаисская губерния[1] — 14 апреля 1930, Москва) — русский советский поэт, один из крупнейших поэтов XX века[2][3][4]. Помимо поэзии ярко проявил себя как драматург, киносценарист, кинорежиссёр, киноактёр, художник, редактор журналов «ЛЕФ» («Левый Фронт»), «Новый ЛЕФ». Биография[править | править исходный текст] Владимир Маяковский родился в селе Багдати Кутаисской губернии (в советское время посёлок назывался Маяковский) в Грузии, в семье Владимира Константиновича Маяковского (1857—1906), служившего лесничим третьего разряда в Эриванской губернии, с 1889 в Багдатском лесничестве. Мать поэта, Александра Алексеевна Павленко (1867—1954), из рода кубанских казаков, родилась на Кубани. В 1902 году Маяковский поступил в гимназию в Кутаиси. Первое «полустихотворение» Маяковский напечатал в нелегальном журнале «Порыв», который издавался Третьей гимназией. Маяковский в 1910 году Семья Маяковских, Кутаиси, 1905 год В.
Paraceratherium Paraceratherium, also commonly known as Indricotherium or Baluchitherium (see taxonomic discussion below), is an extinct genus of gigantic hornless rhinoceros-like mammals of the family Hyracodontidae, endemic to Eurasia and Asia during the Oligocene epoch.[2] It was first discovered in 1910 in Balochistan of what is now Pakistan, hence the name, during an expedition by the English paleontologist and Cambridge University Museum of Zoology director Sir Clive Forster Cooper.[3] Description[edit] Restoration Paraceratherium is regarded as the largest land mammal known, with the largest species having an estimated mean adult mass of 11 t (12 tons)[4] and the largest individual known estimated at 4.8 m (16 ft) tall at the shoulders, 8.0 m (26.2 ft) in length from nose to rump, and 16 t (18 tons) in weight.[5] Paraceratherium was a browsing herbivorous perissodactyl that stripped leaves from trees with its downward-pointing, tusk-like upper teeth that occluded forward-pointing lower teeth.
Sébastien Raizer : «le Japon est un monde flottant» - ZONE CRITIQUE Entretiens Posted by Clément Sans on lundi, mai 21, 2018 · Leave a Comment Écrivain et traducteur reconnu à la Série Noire, Sébastien Raizer, auteur d’un Petit éloge du zen, revient sur ses pérégrinations asiatiques et sur son expérience japonaise du zen. Habitant à Kyoto, sur cette « autre planète » qu’est le Japon, cet écrivain définitivement iconoclaste et loin du verbiage décoratif des pseudo-savants livre ici un récit dense et personnel, pratique et avisé, qui communique parfaitement avec l’atmosphère mouvante de sa trilogie noire. Zone Critique : Comment définirais-tu ton rapport personnel à la religion et au zen ? Sébastien Raizer : Pour moi, les religions monothéistes sont des toxiques psychiques qui ont détruit la spiritualité, tout comme le capitalisme libéral est un toxique qui détruit l’individu, la société, le politique et la planète. Ton récit expose ton voyage de l’Asie du Sud-Est au Japon en passant par la Corée. Sébastien Raizer Non, je ne suis pas d’accord. Commentaires
Syllogism A syllogism (Greek: συλλογισμός – syllogismos – "conclusion," "inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form (without sentence-terminating periods): All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal The word "therefore" is usually either omitted or replaced by the symbol "∴" Early history[edit] From the Middle Ages onwards, categorical syllogism and syllogism were usually used interchangeably. Aristotle[edit] Medieval Scholarship[edit] Boethius John Buridan