Emissions trading
A coal power plant in Germany. Due to emissions trading, coal may become a less competitive fuel than other options. Emissions trading or cap and trade is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.[1] A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The transfer of permits is referred to as a trade. There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. Pollution as an externality[edit] By definition, an externality is an activity of one entity that affects the welfare of another entity in a way that is outside the market mechanism.[5] Pollution is the prime example most economists think of when discussing externalities. Overview[edit] Definitions[edit] The economics literature provides the following definitions of cap and trade emissions trading schemes. Market-based and least-cost[edit] Emission markets[edit]
COP17 | CMP7 - About COP17/CMP7 - UN Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
In 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sets an overall framework for intergovernmental efforts to address climate change. It is called a framework convention because it is seen as a starting point of addressing the problem of climate change. The Convention entered into force on 21 March 1994. The ultimate objective of the Convention is “to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system”. gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies and best practices; launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries; and cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change. For more information:www.unfccc.int
How the Carbon Dioxide Budget Trading Program Works
Skip to main navigation Reducing CO2 Emissions Establishing and lowering emissions caps. RGGI participating states agreed upon a cap (regional CO2 emissions budget) amounting to approximately 188 million tons of CO2. That number is the total amount of CO2 that power plants in the region were expected to emit in 2009. Beginning in 2015, this cap will be reduced by 2.5 percent each year, for a total reduction of 10 percent by 2019. Supporting Clean Energy Establishing and distributing allowances. Marketing the allowances. Supporting low-carbon solutions. Using Offsets. How the CO2 Budget Trading Program and CO2 Allowance Auction Program Will Be Carried Out in New York New York will cap CO2 emissions at approximately 64 million tons through 2014, before reducing them over the subsequent four years. DEC's Role. NYSERDA's Role.
Global Carbon Emissions | CO2 Now | Current CO2
Global CO2 Budget 2013 GlobalCarbonProject.org posted data for the 2013 Global Carbon Budget on November 20, 2013. Key findings are listed here: *Global emissions due to fossil fuel alone are set to grow in 2013 at a slightly lower pace of 2.1% than the average 3.1% since 2000, reaching a level that is 61% above emissions in 1990 *Growth rates for major emitter countries in 2012 were 5.9% (China), −3.7% (USA), −1.3% (EU28), and 7.7% (India). *The 2012 carbon dioxide emissions breakdown is coal (43%), oil (33%), gas (18%), cement (5.3%) and gas flaring (0.6%). *Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increased in 2012 at a faster rate than the average over the past 10 years because of a combination of continuing growth in emissions and a decrease in land carbon sinks from very high levels in the previous two years. * Dr. *Key Sources: GlobalCarbonBudget.org CDIAC 2013 Global Carbon Budget Data for the Global Carbon Budget 2009 CO2Now.org | Download >>>
Informations aux laboratoires - Bourses et Postdocs
Offre contrat post-doctoral junior, pour Projet "Hatemeter ": Prévenir et combattre le racisme, la xénophobie et d'autres formes d'intolérance sur internet La Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (MSHS-T) et son antenne à Ut1 Capitole recrute une, un, jeune chercheure, chercheur junior, temporaire à la croisée des sciences sociales et des « digital/computational studies » (niveau postdoctoral) pour une période de 12 mois pour aider à produire, mettre en oeuvre et évaluer un outil destiné à réguler les discours de haine en ligne dans le cadre du projet interdisciplinaire dénommé Hatemeter. Ce poste fait partie d’un projet européen visant à développer un outil pour surveiller, analyser et combattre la haine anti-musulmane exprimée en ligne. Date limite de candidature : avant le 10 janvier 2018 En savoir plus Bourse Fondation Tourre - Paris Descartes 2017 Date limite de candidature : 13 novembre 2017, minuit En savoir plus Date limite de candidature : 9 octobre 2017 En savoir plus
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) - Frequently Asked Questions
This page lists global change questions that have been received at CDIAC and the answers that were provided to a diverse audience. If you have a question relating to carbon dioxide and global change and cannot find the answer you need here, you may "Ask Us a Question", and we will be glad to try and help you. Q. Should we grow trees to remove carbon in the atmosphere? A. See new document, Answers to ten frequently asked questions about bioenergy, carbon sinks and their role in global climate change, by Robert Matthews and Kimberly Robertson, prepared as part of IEA Bioenergy Task 38 (Greenhouse Gas Balances of Biomass and Bioenergy Systems). Additional information on managing carbon through carbon sequestration is available on the DOE Office of Science Carbon Sequestration Web site. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Note: GtC = gigatons of carbon and giga = 109 For further reading, we suggest: Amthor, J. Moore, B. Post, W. Schimel, D. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.
Climate Change Math in Treaties Flawed by Suspect Calculations
Euan Nisbet, a University of London earth sciences professor who has traveled the world testing the air for greenhouse-gas pollution, makes his way to a rocky outcropping on the eastern coast of Hong Kong Island on a sunny November afternoon. He takes out a battery-operated pump connected to a thin tube and a plastic bag to capture traces of the wind. “This is a good day for collecting samples,” says Nisbet, 61, looking out to sea. Hooking up his air-sucking device, Nisbet says the world puts too much faith in government estimates of carbon dioxide, methane and other heat-trapping gases blamed for climate change, Bloomberg Markets magazine reports in its January issue. “It’s like going on a diet without weighing yourself,” explains Ray Weiss, a geochemistry professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California, whose article with Nisbet in the June issue of Science argues for measuring the atmosphere. How Do We Measure? ‘Centuries or Millennia’ ‘Fault Lines’ Cap and Trade
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Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding - The Industry Website
