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Dark Energy, Dark Matter

Dark Energy, Dark Matter
Dark Energy, Dark Matter In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the Universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the Universe had to slow. The Universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the Universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. What Is Dark Energy? More is unknown than is known. One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Another explanation for how space acquires energy comes from the quantum theory of matter. What Is Dark Matter? Related:  Subatomic particle colliders aka CERN or LHC

Meet Joe Incandela, Higgs boson -- or 'God Particle' -- detective Physicist Joe Incandela announced the discovery of the Higgs boson on July 4, 2012. The mosaic of photos of colleagues spells "CMS," which stands for Compact Muon Solenoid. CMS is one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider that detected the particle. The Large Hadron Collider is located at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, near Geneva, Switzerland. The Higgs boson, the elusive particle that scientists had hoped to find for decades, helps explain why matter has mass. The ATLAS experiment, seen here in 2011, is about two stories taller than CMS. Much of three stories of electronics at CMS are involved in making split-second decisions about what data to keep and what to discard. A technician works on the CMS experiment. Joe Incandela, the spokesperson for CMS, says that about 4,000 scientists collaborate on the experiment. Physicists in the CMS control room. Evaldas Juska, an engineer, is working on computers involved with CMS. Exploring the universe at CERN LHCb

OMG SPACE OMG SPACE is the thesis project of Margot Trudell, an OCAD graduate of their graphic design program in Toronto, Canada. This website aims to illustrate the scale and the grandeur of our solar system, as well as illustrate through the use of infographics our work in the exploration of our solar system with various spacecraft. Despite all the work that scientists are putting into space exploration and research, and all that we've learned and acheived over the past half-century, the general public isn't very aware of it. I believe that this mostly due to how this information is communicated to the general public, in a very academic and scientific manner. All the planets on this website are to scale, including the sun and dwarf planets.

What is the God particle? | Angels & Demons - The science behind the story The term 'The God particle' was coined by the physicist Leon Lederman in his 1993 popular science book, The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? The particle that the book title refers to is the 'Higgs boson'. The particle we now call the Higgs boson has never been observed. What is the Higgs boson? The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past century have resulted in a remarkable insight into the fundamental structure of matter: everything in the Universe is found to be made from twelve basic building blocks called fundamental particles, governed by four fundamental forces. Our best understanding of how these twelve particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particles and forces. Peter Higgs at CERN in April 2008. However, in order for this unification to work mathematically, it requires that force-carrying particles have no mass. What does the Higgs boson have to do with God?

Hubble Telescope Classics Hubble Telescope Classics 'God particle' unveiled? Super-collider scientists declare victory | Technology GENEVA (AP) — To cheers and standing ovations, scientists at the world's biggest atom smasher claimed the discovery of a new subatomic particle Wednesday, calling it "consistent" with the long-sought Higgs boson — popularly known as the "God particle" — that helps explain what gives all matter in the universe size and shape. "We have now found the missing cornerstone of particle physics," Rolf Heuer, director of the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), told scientists. He said the newly discovered subatomic particle is a boson, but he stopped just shy of claiming outright that it is the Higgs boson itself — an extremely fine distinction. "As a layman, I think we did it," he told the elated crowd. "We have a discovery. We have observed a new particle that is consistent with a Higgs boson." The Higgs boson, which until now has been a theoretical particle, is seen as the key to understanding why matter has mass, which combines with gravity to give an object weight. "Thanks, nature!"

'Brighter than a full moon': The biggest star of 2013... could be Ison - the comet of the century - Science - News Comet Ison could draw millions out into the dark to witness what could be the brightest comet seen in many generations – brighter even than the full Moon. It was found as a blur on an electronic image of the night sky taken through a telescope at the Kislovodsk Observatory in Russia as part of a project to survey the sky looking for comets and asteroids – chunks of rock and ice that litter space. Astronomers Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok were expecting to use the International Scientific Optical Network's (Ison) 40cm telescope on the night of 20 September but clouds halted their plans. It was a frustrating night but about half an hour prior to the beginning of morning twilight, they noticed the sky was clearing and got the telescope and camera up and running to obtain some survey images in the constellations of Gemini and Cancer. When the images were obtained Nevski loaded them into a computer program designed to detect asteroids and comets moving between images.

Inside the Large Hadron Collider: How IT powers the greatest experiment in history At the press of a button, the largest machine ever made by humans will come alive. Buried around 100m underground, near Geneva, Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider is about to make history once again when it restarts in a few weeks time. Thousands of researchers are at work in the center to discover how the world was made and what happened right after the Big Bang. "When I arrived at CERN [European Organization for Nuclear Research], I immediately felt that it was science heaven," Alberto Pace, IT data and storage services group leader, told ZDNet. Pace and his team get to be part of the most exciting scientific experiment in history, the one that discovered the Higgs boson. What exactly is the Higgs boson, and what does it do? All the experiments happen in a circular underground tunnel which is 27km long and has a depth which ranges from 50m to 175m below ground. How data travels Hundreds of millions of particle collisions take place every second, at the heart of LHC's detectors.

HoneyMap CERN eyes new giant particle collider Europe's physics lab CERN said Thursday it was eyeing plans for a circular particle collider that would be seven times more powerful than the facility which discovered the famous "God particle." "The time has come to look even further ahead," the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) announced. In 2012, CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC)—a giant lab housed in a 27-kilometre (17-mile) tunnel straddling the French-Swiss border—identified what is believed to be the Higgs boson, the long-sought maker of mass theorised in the 1960s. The facility flushed out the so-called God particle by crashing proton beams at velocities near the speed of light. It went offline a year ago for an 18-month overhaul. The LHC, completed in 2008, has "at least 20 more years" of life in it, the agency said. However, the long time needed to build its successor—the LHC took a quarter of a century—means that planning should start now. The winner will be "a worthy successor to the LHC," CERN said.

Real time statistics. Population clock for every country Physicists Proposing New U.S. Linear Particle Collider Physicists Proposing New U.S. Linear Particle Collider High-energy physicists from across the United States will gather at The Johns Hopkins University March 19-21 to consider and refine a proposal for a major new U.S. particle collider. Researchers coming to the Hopkins meeting are advocates of a proposal known as the Electron-Positron Linear Collider. Many believe such a collider could help confirm a theory known as supersymmetry, resolving many of the unanswered questions in their present understanding of elementary particles and the forces that act on them American scientists also feel an American commitment to build the proposed collider could help maintain the United States' leadership role in particle physics, a status many think the United States began to relinquish when it pulled the plug on the Superconducting Supercollider in the early 1990s. "The U.S. won't be at the energy frontier then, and we have to ask ourselves, 'What does that mean?' Related websites: Morris Swartz

Bomb Sight - Mapping the World War 2 London Blitz Bomb Census

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