background preloader

John Locke

John Locke
1. Historical Background and Locke's Life John Locke (1632–1704) was one of the greatest philosophers in Europe at the end of the seventeenth century. 1.1 Locke's Life up to His Meeting with Lord Ashley in 1666 Locke was born in Wrington to Puritan parents of modest means. From Westminster school he went to Christ Church, Oxford, in the autumn of 1652 at the age of twenty. Locke received his B.A. in February 1656. John Wilkins had left Oxford with the Restoration of Charles II. In the Epistle to the Reader at the beginning of the Essay Locke remarks: The commonwealth of learning is not at this time without master-builders, whose mighty designs, in advancing the sciences, will leave lasting monuments to the admiration of posterity: but every one must not hope to be a Boyle or a Sydenham; and in an age that produces such masters as the great Huygenius and the incomparable Mr. Locke knew all of these men and their work. 1.2 Locke and Lord Shaftesbury 1666 to 1688 2.

John Locke - Biography - Philosopher - Biography.com English philosopher John Locke's works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism. Synopsis John Locke, born on August 29, 1632, in Wrington, Somerset, England, went to Westminster school and then Christ Church, University of Oxford. At Oxford he studied medicine, which would play a central role in his life. Early Life Influential philosopher and physician John Locke, whose writings had a significant impact Western philosophy, was born on August 29, 1632, in Wrington, a village in the English county of Somerset. Both his parents were Puritans and as such, Locke was raised that way. In 1647 he enrolled at Westminster School in London, where Locke earned the distinct honor of being named a King's Scholar, a privilege that went to only select number of boys and paved the way for Locke to attend Christ Church, Oxford in 1652. In 1668 Locke was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1668. Writings Later Years and Impact

Locke, John  John Locke was among the most famous philosophers and political theorists of the 17th century. He is often regarded as the founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism, and he made foundational contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government. He was also influential in the areas of theology, religious toleration, and educational theory. Table of Contents 1. John Locke was born in 1632 in Wrington, a small village in southwestern England. Locke was successful at Westminster and earned a place at Christ Church, Oxford. Locke left Oxford for London in 1667 where he became attached to the family of Anthony Ashley Cooper (then Lord Ashley, later the Earl of Shaftesbury). Locke travelled in France for several years starting in 1675. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 Locke was able to return to England. Locke engaged in a number of controversies during his life, including a notable one with Jonas Proast over toleration. 2. a. b. c.

John Locke - Philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) John Locke was born on August 29, 1632, in Warington, a village in Somerset, England. In 1646 he went to Westminster school, and in 1652 to Christ Church in Oxford. In 1659 he was elected to a senior studentship, and tutored at the college for a number of years. Locke's mentor was Robert Boyle, the leader of the Oxford scientific group. Locke studied medicine with Sydenham, one of the most notable English physicians of the 17th century. Locke's ideas on freedom of religion and the rights of citizens were considered a challenge to the King's authority by the English government and in 1682 Locke went into exile in Holland. Locke had written Two Treatises of Civil Government in the early 1680s while Whig revolutionary plots against Charles II were still in the works, and in 1690 he was finally able to publish them. In 1690 Locke was also able to publish An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which he had been working on since 1671.

John Locke Signature Ses écrits sur la tolérance ne peuvent être disjoints d'une période où s'opère un profond réajustement des champs politiques et religieux. Dans l'optique qui s'ouvre en partie grâce à lui, le politique s'occupe du monde présent et la religion s'occupe du monde de l'au-delà, les deux ne devant pas interférer. Sa théorie politique s'oppose à l'absolutisme qui se met alors en place en France et qui échoue à s'imposer en Angleterre, en partie à cause de lui. Son Essai sur l'entendement humain est un ouvrage majeur dans lequel il construit une théorie des idées et une philosophie de l'esprit. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Origines familiales et formation[modifier | modifier le code] Pendant la guerre civile (1641-1649), John Locke (père) sert avec le grade de capitaine dans la cavalerie de l'armée du Parlement. Durant ses études, il se contente du nécessaire pour obtenir ses diplômes[Lesquels ?] Professeur à l'université d'Oxford (1660-1667)[modifier | modifier le code]

Baruch Spinoza Spinoza élabore une éthique de la joie. Le but de la vie, selon lui, n'est pas d'être malheureux (comme y invite le christianisme : il faut se repentir, souffrir pour expier la faute originelle, etc.) mais d'être heureux. C'est-à-dire chercher à accroître sa puissance, chercher ce qui nous est vraiment utile (l'utile propre). On pourrait y voir une éthique égoïste. Ce qui suit a pour ambition d'expliquer tout cela, ainsi que la métaphysique qui sous-tend cette éthique. Table des matières Résumé Biographie Ontologie La substance Les attributs Individu Conatus Corps et esprit Connaissance Déterminisme et liberté Libération Affections Affects Joie et tristesse Passion et action Ethique Rechercher la joie et la puissance La raison L'amour de Dieu Le mal n'est rien de positif La société L'éternité Conclusion Textes Résumé Dieu n'est rien d'autre que le Tout, la Nature, c'est-à-dire l'univers : le spinozisme est un panthéisme. Selon Spinoza, tout est déterminé. Biographie Ontologie La substance

locke Dans son Essai sur l'entendement humain, la question essentielle que pose Locke est celle de la nature et des limites de l'entendement humain. La raison essentielle des erreurs de l'intelligence se situe dans l'inadéquation du langage et de la pensée car "Il n'y a pas assez de mots dans aucune langue pour répondre à la grande variété des idées qui entrent dans nos discours et nos raisonnements".Locke se pose la question de l'origine de nos idées. Les objets extérieurs agissent sur nos sens et produisent des impressions qui sont communiquées au cerveau. L'identité ou la diversité : nous pouvons percevoir qu'une idée est ce qu'elle est et qu'elle n'est pas autre chose. Locke s'oppose à la théorie des idées innées et en donne pour preuve que les enfants, les idiots, les "primitifs" n'ont aucune idée de ce qui pourrait pourtant paraître des idées évidentes comme par exemple l'idée qu'on ne peut pas avoir en même temps A et non-A. 2) Religion et tolérance. 3) La théorie politique.

Related: