Internet Protocol This article is about the IP network protocol only. For Internet architecture or other protocols, see Internet protocol suite. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet. Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974; the other being the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the Internet. Function[edit] The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for routing datagrams (packets) from a source host to a destination host across one or more IP networks. Datagram construction[edit] Sample encapsulation of application data from UDP to a Link protocol frame Reliability[edit]
S-T: Http Request/Response Anatomy Introduction to Web Web consist of billion of clients and server connected through wires and wireless networks. The web clients makes request to web server. The web server receives the request, finds the resources and return response to the client. Web Application A web site is a collection of static files such as HTML pages, images, graphics etc. HTTP is a protocol that clients and server uses on the web to communicate.It is similar to other internet protocol such as SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP(File Transfer Protocol) but there is one fundamental difference.HTTP is a stateless protocol i.e HTTP supports only one request per connection.This means that with HTTP the clients connects to the server to send one request and then disconnects. HTTP method HTTP request can be made using a variety of methods, but the ones you will use most often are Get and Post. HTTP Method and Descriptions Difference between GET and POST request Anatomy of an HTTP GET request
PHP Scripting language created in 1994 PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development.[8] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995.[9][10] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group.[11] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home Page,[12][13] but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.[14] The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. The PHP language has evolved without a written formal specification or standard, with the original implementation acting as the de facto standard that other implementations aimed to follow. History[edit] Early history[edit] PHP development began in 1993[9] when Rasmus Lerdorf wrote several Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs in C,[20][21] which he used to maintain his personal homepage. <! PHP 3 and 4[edit] PHP 5[edit] PHP 6 and Unicode[edit] PHP 7[edit]
HTTP: The Protocol Every Web Developer Must Know - Part 2 In my previous article, we covered some of HTTP's basics, such as the URL scheme, status codes and request/response headers. With that as our foundation, we will look at the finer aspects of HTTP, like connection handling, authentication and HTTP caching. These topics are fairly extensive, but we'll cover the most important bits. A connection must be established between the client and server before they can communicate with each other, and HTTP uses the reliable TCP transport protocol to make this connection. HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP, inserting an additional layer between HTTP and TCP called TLS or SSL (Transport Layer Security or Secure Sockets Layer, respectively). An HTTP connection is identified by <source-IP, source-port> and <destination-IP, destination-port>. resolve IP address from host name via DNSestablish a connection with the serversend a requestwait for a responseclose connection The server is responsible for always responding with the correct headers and responses.
File Transfer Protocol FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.[1] FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that hides (encrypts) the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS ("FTPS"). SSH File Transfer Protocol ("SFTP") is sometimes also used instead, but is technologically different. History[edit] The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Protocol overview[edit] Communication and data transfer[edit] ASCII mode: used for text. Login[edit] or:
Cascading Style Sheets CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. Syntax[edit] Selector[edit] Use[edit]
Web Services Description Language The Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is an XML-based interface description language that is used for describing the functionality offered by a web service. The acronym is also used for any specific WSDL description of a web service (also referred to as a WSDL file), which provides a machine-readable description of how the service can be called, what parameters it expects, and what data structures it returns. It thus serves a purpose that corresponds roughly to that of a method signature in a programming language. The current version of WSDL is WSDL 2.0. The meaning of the acronym has changed from version 1.1 where the D stood for Definition. Description[edit] Representation of concepts defined by WSDL 1.1 and WSDL 2.0 documents. The WSDL describes services as collections of network endpoints, or ports. Example WSDL file[edit] <? History[edit] WSDL 1.0 (Sept. 2000) was developed by IBM, Microsoft, and Ariba to describe Web Services for their SOAP toolkit. See also[edit] References[edit]
Server-side Programming Most of the websites are created from static documents and image files. If you want to create an advanced website with forms handling, dynamically generated pages, shopping carts, content management systems, databases, and so on, you should learn a server-side programming language. The main difference between client-side and server-side programming is that client-side scripts are downloaded, interpreted and executed by the browser and the server-side scripts run on a server. The scripting and programming languages that are used to create server-side applications are: ASP, ASP.NET, PHP, JSP, ColdFusion, Ruby on Rails and more. Asp (Active Server Pages) is a server-side scripting language created by Microsoft. ASP.NET is part of Microsoft .NET platform. PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML. JSP (Java Server Page) is an extension of the Java Servlet technology.
Web development Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, and social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include web design, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development. Among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building web sites: writing markup and coding. For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers). Web development as an industry[edit] Since the commercialization of the web, web development has been a growing industry. Typical areas[edit] Basic[edit]
Web page A web page (or webpage) is a web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. The web page is what displays, but the term also refers to a computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language, whose main distinction is to provide hypertext that will navigate to other web pages via links. Web browsers coordinate web resources centered around the written web page, such as style sheets, scripts and images, to present the web page. On a network, a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web server. On a higher level, the web server may restrict access to only a private network such as a corporate intranet or it provide access to the World Wide Web. A static web page is delivered exactly as stored, as web content in the web server's file system, while a dynamic web page is generated by a web application that is driven by server-side software or client-side scripting. URL[edit]
XML background XML shares common origins with HTML and SGML. SGML or "Standard Generalized Markup Language" was issued as an international standard (ISO 8879) in 1986. It was intended for semantic markup that would assist computer cataloging and indexing. SGML provided flexibility that had not been available before and became very popular and was applied in many ways beyond the intentions of the original developers. It was, however, very complex and expensive. Brief history About 1990, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN developed a new, simpler language that could be used in place of SGML. In the summer of 1996, a working group at W3C was formed to create a markup language that would combine the strength of SGML with the simplicity of HTML. XML appeared just as the growth of the Web has increased the number of developers who demand the ease and flexibility that it provides. Presentation, Communication and Storage of Data The basic structure of XML is the document. XML does, however, actually go beyond documents.
HTML HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of text and other material. History[edit] The historic logo made by the W3C Development[edit] In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. HyperText Markup Language is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images and other material into visual or audible web pages. HTML versions timeline[edit] November 24, 1995 April 1998