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The Debian Administrator's Handbook

The Debian Administrator's Handbook
Debian 10 Edition 1 Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Raphaël Hertzog Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Roland Mas Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Freexian SARL ISBN: 979-10-91414-19-7 (English paperback) ISBN: 979-10-91414-20-3 (English ebook) This book is available under the terms of two licenses compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines. Creative Commons License Notice: This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. GNU General Public License Notice: This book is free documentation: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This book is published under a free license because we want everybody to benefit from it. Abstract

Debian/Ubuntu nightly packages Download The goal is to provide Debian and Ubuntu nightly packages ready to be installed with minimal impact on the distribution.Packages are available for amd64 and i386 and for both the stable and development branches (currently 3.4 and 3.6). The packages provide LLVM + Clang + compiler-rt + polly + LLDB Debian wheezy (Debian stable) - Last update : Mon, 14 Jul 2014 19:54:26 UTC / Revision: 212963 deb llvm-toolchain-wheezy main deb-src llvm-toolchain-wheezy main sid (unstable) - Last update : Sat, 03 Jan 2015 01:30:48 UTC / Revision: 225087 deb llvm-toolchain main deb-src llvm-toolchain main # 3.4 deb llvm-toolchain-3.4 main deb-src llvm-toolchain-3.4 main # 3.5 deb llvm-toolchain-3.5 main deb-src llvm-toolchain-3.5 main Ubuntu Install(stable branch) Bugs Extra

How to convert seconds to human readable time Create shell script to convert seconds to human readable time. I have reused part of an old shell script used to pretty-print system uptime to built it, as this code proved to be useful in several occasions. Sample output inside terminal. Downloads Information PlayOnLinux mainly relies on WineHQ project. If you want help them and to get a professional support of wine, please consider buying codeweavers products. We would also like to thank ScummVM and DOSBox projects Developement version To get the latest developement version, open a terminal and type: git clone Packages All distributions Generic package .tar.gz files: You just have to extract these files and run ". PlayOnLinux: PlayOnLinux_4.2.2.tar.gz Archlinux Arch Linux Adding the archlinuxfr repository: As root (or with sudo), add to /etc/pacman.conf the following lines (for i686 architectures): [archlinuxfr] Server = Or the following lines (for x86_64 architectures): [archlinuxfr] Server = Installing PlayOnLinux As root (or with sudo), type the following command: pacman -Sy playonlinux Debian Debian Deb files: PlayOnLinux: PlayOnLinux_4.2.2.deb With the Wheezy repository Type the following commands:

How to manage system services on Debian Jessie Debian Jessie is using systemd as default system and service manager. I will not argue about it, but instead I will briefly introduce the whole thing. List defined services Print active services and their corresponding states in human readable form. $ sudo systemctl list-units -t service UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon atd.service loaded active running Deferred execution scheduler console-setup.service loaded active exited LSB: Set console font and keymap cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus exim4.service loaded active running LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent [...] Print active services and their corresponding states without legend/headers. $ sudo systemctl list-units -t service --no-legend Print all services and their corresponding states. $ sudo systemctl list-units -t service --no-legend --all Manage services on running system

ACELERA TODO EL ENTORNO GRÁFICO DE UBUNTU SI TIENES UNA TARJETA INTEL CON SUS NUEVOS DRIVERS | Ubuntu León Hace algunas semanas que Intel lanzó un nuevo instalador para poder disfrutar fácilmente de los últimos drivers de sus tarjetas gráficas corriendo en Ubuntu. Aunque lo había dejado un poco de lado por falta de tiempo, el fin de semana pasado me dispuse a ver cuán bueno era lo que nos deparaba Intel. Y Sólo tengo una onomatopeya para definirlo: Wow! De verdad, si tenéis un ordenador con tarjeta gráfica Intel, no dejéis ni por un momento de instalar esta actualización. La mejora del rendimiento es sencillamente espectacular. Y como muestra un botón: en casa tengo un Sony VAIO UX 390N (sí, uno de esos ordenadores pequeñitos con un procesador Intel Core Solo a 1330 Mhz, 1Gb de RAM, un disco duro SSD de 32Gb y una tarjeta gráfica Intel GMA 950) que hace las funciones de Media Center muy decentemente pero en el cual, obviamente era imposible reproducir vídeo en HD. Con lo cual, os podéis imaginar que actualicé todos mis equipos sin pensármelo dos veces... y qué feliz estoy, más que una perdiz!

How to edit files using Notepad++ over SSH File Transfer Protocol Notepad++ is a GPL licensed source code editor for Windows operating system. I use it rarely due to Linux related habits, but my friends are using it all the time, so there must be something about it. Taking this into account, I will briefly describe how to edit files using this editor over SSH File Transfer Protocol. Open Plugins > NppFTP > Show NppFTP Window menu. Select Settings > Profile settings in NppFTP Window. Add new profile. Provide a name for new profile. Provide IP address, connection type and username. Choose profile from Connect menu. Enter password. Access files on remote server. Done. (3) Debian, ubuntu y derivados mas rapidos (cambio asombroso) En el siguente tutorial les enseñare como conseguir que cualquier distribucion basada en debian (cmo ubuntu, linux mint..) sea muchisifo más eficaz. Tanto en velocidad como en el consumo de memoria. Aqui podeis ver como baja el consumo de memoria tras hacer lo que os explicare más abajo. En verdad es aun mayor la diferenicia de lo que parece, ya que la de mayor consumo es la que instale el la maquina virtual sin ningun cambio (es decir, no instale nada en ella). La fluidez se puede observar en el siguiente video. link: Nota: la idea tras todo eso es que un si el compilador sabe que hardwar usais puede optimizar el programa. Abrimos la terminal (CONTROL + T) y tecleamos: sudo apt-get install apt-build Nota: yo cambie la optimización a alto, pero se dice (yo no he notado nada) que es mas recomendable usar el medio por cuestiones de estabilidad (la opcion de hacer eso os aparecera al ejecutar el anterior comando) 2º Eleminar todo lo que diga gcc o g++

How to redirect command output using sudo You have probably already noticed my favorite way to overcome sudo redirection issue, but if you haven't, then I will write it down here for further reference. Try, for example, to clear /etc/issue file as regular user. You will encounter Permission denied error which is an expected behavior. $ clear > /etc/issue bash: /etc/issue: Permission denied You can't just insert sudo at the beginning of the above-mentioned command as redirection will be executed with user rights, so the fact that clear command will be executed with root rights can be omitted in this example. $ sudo clear > /etc/issue bash: /etc/issue: Permission denied To solve this issue you can simply use tee command. $ clear | sudo tee /etc/issue Additional tee examples Append additional configuration directive. $ echo GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=20 | sudo tee -a /etc/default/grub Write multi-line configuration. $ cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp EOF $ sudo find .

Vim Regular Expressions 101 Using quantifiers you can set how many times certain part of you pattern should repeat by putting the following after your pattern: Now it's much easier to define a pattern that matches a word of any length \u\w\+. These quantifiers are greedy - that is your pattern will try to match as much text as possible. Sometimes it presents a problem. Let's consider a typical example - define a pattern to match delimited text, i.e. text enclosed in quotes, brackets, etc. But this pattern will match everything between the first " and the last " in the following line: this file is normally "$VIM/.gvimrc". This problem can be resolved by using non-greedy quantifiers: Let's use \{-} in place of * in our pattern. this file is normally "$VIM/gvimrc". .\{-} pattern is not without surprises. :s:.\{-}:_:g Before: n and m are decimal numbers between After: _n_ _a_n_d_ _m_ _a_r_e_ _d_e_c_i_m_a_l_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ "As few as possible" applied here means zero character replacements. - Bram

How to deal with dmesg timestamps By default dmesg command print kernel ring buffer using timestamp for each logged message. It is easy to change this behavior and display date/time in human readable form using just one additional parameter but sometimes it is not supported so I will shortly touch upon this topic. $ dmesg [...] [ 1.028871] Linux agpgart interface v0.103 [ 1.028940] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: Intel Sandybridge Chipset [ 1.028999] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected gtt size: 2097152K total, 262144K mappable [ 1.029857] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 65536K stolen memory [...] How to convert timestamps to human readable form? The easiest way is to use -T or --ctime parameter. $ dmesg -T [...] What if above-mentioned parameters are not supported? Sometimes you will encounter linux distribution in which such conversion is not supported but it can be easily implemented using the following shell script. #! What if timestamps are missing? Rarely you will find that timestamps are missing from the dmesg output.

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