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Personality psychology

Personality psychology
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and its variation between individuals. Its areas of focus include: Construction of a coherent picture of the individual and his or her major psychological processesInvestigation of individual psychological differencesInvestigation of human nature and psychological similarities between individuals "Personality" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. The word "personality" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. 1. 2. 5. Trait theories[edit] Related:  Education plan

Five Temperaments Five temperaments is a theory in psychology, that expands upon the Four Temperaments proposed in ancient medical theory. The development of a theory of five temperaments begins with the Two-factor models of personality and the work of the late William Schutz, and his FIRO-B program. It is a measure of interpersonal relations orientations that calculates a person's behavior patterns based on the scoring of a questionnaire. History and the ancient four temperaments[edit] Five Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory of the Greek Historian Hippocrates (460-370 BC), who believed certain human behaviors were caused by body fluids (called "humors"): blood (sanguis), [yellow] bile (cholera or Gk. χολη, kholé) black bile (μελας, melas, "black", + χολη, kholé, "bile"); and phlegm. This is also related to the classical elements of air, water, earth, and fire; as sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic, and choleric, respectively. The FIRO-B connection[edit] Driving needs[edit]

Jung type's tests (20 pcs.) [Archive] - Typology Central Your Gray-Wheelwright-Winer Type Indicator ( test 4 letter type is: Use the following table to understand your raw scores on the Gray-Wheelwright-Winer Type Indicator Test E/I score......E = 2....I = 8 S/N score....S = 5....N = 15 T/F score.....T = 16...F = 4 J/P score.....J = 16...P = 4 Main Characteristics INTJs are the most self-confident of all types, having "self-power" awareness. Found in about 1 percent of the general population, the INTJs live in an introspective reality, focusing on possibilities, using thinking in the form of empirical logic, and preferring that events and people serve some positive use. To INTJs authority based on position, rank, title, or publication has absolutely no force. INTJs do, however, tend to conform to rules if they are useful, not because they believe in them, or because they make sense, but because of their unique view of reality. Career Home Midlife Mates

Applied behavior analysis Applied behavior analysis (ABA), previously known as behavior modification,[1] is the application of operant and classical conditioning that modifies human behaviors, especially as part of a learning or treatment process. Behavior analysts focus on the observable relationship of behavior to the environment, including antecedents and consequences, without resort to "hypothetical constructs".[2] By functionally assessing the relationship between a targeted behavior and the environment, the methods of ABA can be used to change that behavior. Methods in applied behavior analysis range from validated intensive behavioral interventions—most notably utilized for children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)[3]—to basic research which investigates the rules by which humans adapt and maintain behavior. Definition[edit] History[edit] B.F. Although deriving from a similar philosophy, behavior modification was one form of behaviorism that modified behavior without addressing what was causing it.

Two-factor models of personality Beginnings[edit] The Roman physician Galen mapped the four temperaments (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic) to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet, taken from the four classical elements.[1] Two of these temperaments, sanguine and choleric, shared a common trait: quickness of response (corresponding to "heat"), while the melancholic and phlegmatic shared the opposite, a longer response (coldness). The melancholic and choleric, however, shared a sustained response (dryness), and the sanguine and phlegmatic shared a short-lived response (wetness). These are the basis of the two factors that would define temperament in the modern theory. Development[edit] In the last few centuries, various psychologists would begin expressing the four temperaments in terms of pairs of behaviors that were held in common by two temperaments each. This theory would also be extended to humans. These he compared to the choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine respectively.[4] Other Factor pairs[edit]

The 10 Scales of the MMPI-2 10 Scales of the MMPI The MMPI has 10 clinical scales that are used to indicate different psychological conditions. Despite the names given to each scale, they are not a pure measure since many conditions have overlapping symptoms. Because of this, most psychologists simply refer to each scale by number. Scale 1 – Hypochondriasis: This scale was designed to asses a neurotic concern over bodily functioning. Scale 2 – Depression: This scale was originally designed to identify depression, characterized by poor morale, lack of hope in the future, and a general dissatisfaction with one's own life situation. Scale 3 – Hysteria: The third scale was originally designed to identify those who display hysteria in stressful situations. Scale 4 - Psychopathic Deviate: Originally developed to identify psychopathic patients, this scale measures social deviation, lack of acceptance of authority, and amorality.

The congruence bias is why we all jump to conclusions and stay there The whole gateway drug thing is so flawed in so many ways. One being that though many people who are smack addicts started with pot, there are also many people that only ever smoke pot and never moved to heroin. What makes a lot more sense is that being a heroin addict would tend to suggest that you are open to trying drugs of all sorts so it stands to reason that you've probably done all kinds of drugs legal and otherwise before you reached the end. But you know what, even if weed was a gateway drug, so what? Is it more of a gateway drug than alcohol or tobacco? You know it's kind of like the gay marriage thing reached the point where you cannot make any legitimate argument for why it should remain illegal that doesn't somehow rely on religious thought.

Brain Bytes - October 2009 To view a video version of this newsletter, presented by Herrmann International’s CEO, Ann Herrmann-Nehdi, click on the image below Comparing Assessments? The Answers Lie in the Premise If you are certified to use the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument® (HBDI®), you have probably been asked the following at some point: Does the HBDI® measure the same thing as [XYZ] assessment? Some Background on Premises Understanding the premises of different assessments can help you answer these questions. In the diagram to the left, assessments are divided into three categories based on their separate premises: A brain-based assessment considers “how do I process information?” A psychologically based assessment considers “what does this mean about me?” Finally, a behavior-based assessment considers “how do others perceive me?” At the same time, there are some similarities in the information provided and what the individual can learn, regardless of premise. Can the HBDI® be used with other assessments?

Type A and Type B personality theory Type A and Type B personality theory describes two contrasting personality types that could either raise or lower, respectively, one's chances of developing coronary heart disease. There is considerable controversy about the role of these personality types in coronary heart disease and the role of tobacco industry funding of early research in this area. History[edit] Type A personality behavior was first described as a potential risk factor for heart disease in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman. The types[edit] Type A[edit] The theory describes a Type A individual as ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-conscious, sensitive, truthful, impatient, always try to help others, take on more than they can handle, want other people to get to the point, proactive, and obsessed with time management. Type B[edit] The theory describes "Type B" individuals as a contrast to those with Type A personalities. Criticism[edit] Funding by Big Tobacco[edit] Other issues[edit]

Body Atlas Reveals Where We Feel Happiness and Shame Yellow shows regions of increased sensation while blue areas represent decreased feeling in these composite images. Image courtesy of Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari Hietanen. Chests puffing up with pride — and happiness felt head to toe — are sensations as real as they are universal. And now we can make an atlas of them. Researchers have long known that emotions are connected to a range of physiological changes, from nervous job candidates’ sweaty palms to the racing pulse that results from hearing a strange noise at night. Once More With Feeling More than 700 participants in Finland, Sweden and Taiwan participated in experiments aimed at mapping their bodily sensations in connection with specific emotions. Researchers found statistically discrete areas for each emotion tested, such as happiness, contempt and love, that were consistent regardless of respondents’ nationality. Hot-Headed The findings enhance researchers’ understanding of how we process emotions.

Profile Dynamics Descriptions of The 15 Temperament Blends John T. Cocoris, Th.M., Psy.D Choleric (High "D") Blends 1. Choleric-Sanguine The Executive tends to be very impatient and will often take a win/lose approach to life. 2. The Motivator tends to be very impatient and will often take a win/lose approach to life. 3. Choleric-Phlegmatic The Director is more determined, unemotional and individualistic than the other Cholerics. 4. Choleric-Melancholy The Strategist is more detail oriented than the other Cholerics. Sanguine (High "I") Blends 5. Sanguine-Choleric The Negotiator is more assertive than the other Sanguines. 6. The Marketer is more enthusiastic than the other Sanguines. 7. Sanguine-Phlegmatic The Relater is more relationship oriented than the other Sanguines. 8. Sanguine-Melancholy The Performer is more formal than the other Sanguines. Phlegmatic (High "S") Blends 9. Phlegmatic-Choleric The Inspector is more industrious, determined and unemotional than the other Phlegmatics. 10. Phlegmatic-Sanguine

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used and researched standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology.[1] Psychologists and other mental health professionals use various versions of the MMPI to develop treatment plans; assist with differential diagnosis; help answer legal questions (forensic psychology); screen job candidates during the personnel selection process; or as part of a therapeutic assessment procedure.[2] The original MMPI, first published by the University of Minnesota Press in 1943, was replaced by an updated version, the MMPI-2, in 1989. A version for adolescents, the MMPI-A, was published in 1992. An alternative version of the test, the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), published in 2008, retains some aspects of the traditional MMPI assessment strategy, but adopts a different theoretical approach to personality test development. History[edit] The original authors of the MMPI were Starke R. MMPI[edit]

An experiment that tested a man's tolerance for isolation to the limit I served on US Navy submarines, and although not really isolated from people, we were essentially cut off from society. Sometimes it was difficult to adjust to it again, especially when it was 2+ months at sea, most of that underwater. Did you feel a kind of sensory overload after coming back to regular life? Then again, my submarine knowledge comes from The Hunt for Red October, so life on a sub might be more stimulating than I'm giving it credit for. Yes, but not in the way you expect. You are busy and stimulated, just with work, after all you can't make too many mistakes a few hundred feet below the surface so you need to keep your game face on.

MBTI-with-DISC.pdf

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