Table of similar systems of comparison of temperaments Beginnings[edit] The Roman physician Galen mapped the four temperaments (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic) to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet, taken from the four classical elements.[1] Two of these temperaments, sanguine and choleric, shared a common trait: quickness of response (corresponding to "heat"), while the melancholic and phlegmatic shared the opposite, a longer response (coldness). The melancholic and choleric, however, shared a sustained response (dryness), and the sanguine and phlegmatic shared a short-lived response (wetness). These are the basis of the two factors that would define temperament in the modern theory. Development[edit] In the last few centuries, various psychologists would begin expressing the four temperaments in terms of pairs of behaviors that were held in common by two temperaments each. This theory would also be extended to humans. These he compared to the choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine respectively.[4] Other Factor pairs[edit]
Trait theory In psychology , trait theory is an approach to the study of human personality . Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits , which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. [ 1 ] According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are shy), and influence behavior. Gordon Allport was an early pioneer in the study of traits, which he sometimes referred to as dispositions. In his approach, central traits are basic to an individual's personality, whereas secondary traits are more peripheral. Common traits are those recognized within a culture and may vary between cultures. Cardinal traits are those by which an individual may be strongly recognized. There is a nearly unlimited number of potential traits that could be used to describe personality. [ edit ] The Two taxonomies Both approaches extensively use self-report questionnaires.
Great Ideas in Personality--Theory and Research Complete relationship chart between psychological ("personality") types Complete relationship chart between psychological ("personality") types Chart #1 Key to the chart: Usage: Type A x Type B -> Intertype Relationship. Example #1: A = 'ENFp ', B = 'INFp ', Cross-reference result = 'Cnt'.Conclusion: Between ENFp and INFp there is Contrary Intertype Relationship. Example #2: A = 'ISTj ', B = 'ENTp ', Cross-reference result = 'Sp<'.Conclusion: Between ISTj and ENTp there is Intertype Relationship of Supervision, where ISTj is Supervisee to ENTp. Chart #2 Usage: Your [A] is [Intertype Relationship] to your [B]. Example #1: A = 'Qid', B = 'Act', Cross-reference result = 'Ego'.Conclusion: Your Quasi-identical is Super-Ego to your Activity Example #2: A = 'Bn<', B = 'Ego', Cross-reference result = 'Bn>'.Conclusion: Your Beneficiary is Benefactor to your Super-Ego.
Personality psychology Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and its variation between individuals. Its areas of focus include: Construction of a coherent picture of the individual and his or her major psychological processesInvestigation of individual psychological differencesInvestigation of human nature and psychological similarities between individuals "Personality" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. The word "personality" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. 1. 2. 5. Trait theories[edit]
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Model of personality types A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory. In personality typology, the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The MBTI was constructed by two Americans: Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, who were inspired by the book Psychological Types by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. History[edit] Briggs began her research into personality in 1917. After the English translation of Carl Jung's book Psychological Types was published in 1923 (first published in German in 1921), Briggs recognized that Jung's theory was similar to, but went far beyond, her own. Myers' work attracted the attention of Henry Chauncey, head of the Educational Testing Service. Format and administration[edit] Also included is a composite of these called "strain".
Learnng Styles take your test click here to take your learning styles test Information about learning styles and Multiple Intelligence (MI) is helpful for everyone especially for people with learning disabilities and Attention Deficit Disorder. Knowing your learning style will help you develop coping strategies to compensate for your weaknesses and capitalize on your strengths. For ease of use, the page has been divided into six categories: Learning Styles Explained Please Pick a topic: What are learning Styles? What are the types of learning styles? Visual Learners Auditory Learners Kinesthetic Learners What are learning styles? Learning styles are simply different approaches or ways of learning. What are the types of learning styles? Visual Learners: learn through seeing... . These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson. Auditory Learners: learn through listening... Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners: learn through , moving, doing and touching... EditRegion5
Personality type Clinically effective personality typologies[edit] Effective personality typologies reveal and increase knowledge and understanding of individuals, as opposed to diminishing knowledge and understanding as occurs in the case of stereotyping. Effective typologies also allow for increased ability to predict clinically relevant information about people and to develop effective treatment strategies.[2] There is an extensive literature on the topic of classifying the various types of human temperament and an equally extensive literature on personality traits or domains. These classification systems attempt to describe normal temperament and personality and emphasize the predominant features of different temperament and personality types; they are largely the province of the discipline of psychology. Personality disorders, on the other hand, reflect the work of psychiatry, a medical specialty, and are disease-oriented. Types vs. traits[edit] Type theories[edit] Carl Jung[edit] See also[edit]
Table of similar systems of comparison of temperaments Beginnings[edit] The Roman physician Galen mapped the four temperaments (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic) to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet, taken from the four classical elements.[1] Two of these temperaments, sanguine and choleric, shared a common trait: quickness of response (corresponding to "heat"), while the melancholic and phlegmatic shared the opposite, a longer response (coldness). The melancholic and choleric, however, shared a sustained response (dryness), and the sanguine and phlegmatic shared a short-lived response (wetness). This meant that the choleric and melancholic both would tend to hang on to emotions like anger, and thus appear more serious and critical than the fun-loving sanguine, and the peaceful phlegmatic. These are the basis of the two factors that would define temperament in the modern theory. Development[edit] This theory would also be extended to humans. These he compared to the choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine respectively.[4]