Commentary on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations Shawver Commentary: This commentary in the pages of this website is not meant to replace your reading of Wittgenstein in the original. For that, of course, you will need to acquire the book. This commentary is meant to give you a taste of Wittgentein, or, if you are really ready, to help you get started. One of the most difficult or misleading aspects of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations is the way in which he uses multiple voices to converse with himself. The Philosophical Investigations is written in aphorisms, short numbered passages that are loosely tied together in terms of theme. It is useful to think of there being two additional voices. Then, there is a third voice in which Wittgenstein makes an incisive point in the face of the tradition and aporia. So, the basic format of many of the aphorisms is: Of course, these examples greatly simplify the content of all Wittgenstein will say, and, not every passage has quite this form.
On Truth & Reality: Philosophy Physics Metaphysics of Space, Wave Structure of Matter. Famous Science Art Quotes. Dunning–Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias wherein relatively unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly assessing their ability to be much higher than is accurate. The bias was first experimentally observed by David Dunning and Justin Kruger of Cornell University in 1999. Dunning and Kruger attributed the bias to the metacognitive inability of the unskilled to evaluate their own ability level accurately. Their research also suggests that conversely, highly skilled individuals may underestimate their relative competence, erroneously assuming that tasks that are easy for them also are easy for others.[1] Dunning and Kruger have postulated that the effect is the result of internal illusion in the unskilled, and external misperception in the skilled: "The miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others. Original study[edit] Supporting studies[edit] Award[edit]
Western Philosophy Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.[4] From 1939–1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.[5] During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.[6] His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. Philosophical Investigations appeared as a book in 1953 and by the end of the century it was considered an important modern classic.[7] Philosopher Bertrand Russell described Wittgenstein as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating".[8] Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a large fortune from his father in 1913. Background[edit] The Wittgensteins[edit]
The problem of evil, as described circa 300 B.C. In about 300 B.C., Epicurus eloquently summed up the problem of the existence of evil. It has come to be known as the Riddle of Epicurus or the Epicurean paradox. It was translated by David Hume in the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion: If God is willing to prevent evil, but is not able to Then He is not omnipotent.If He is able, but not willing Then He is malevolent.If He is both able and willing Then whence cometh evil?If He is neither able nor willing Then why call Him God? Tags: Epicurus, problem of evil Category: Good and Evil, Quotes About the Author (Author Profile) Erich Vieth is an attorney focusing on consumer law litigation and appellate practice.
Peaks and Plateaus - By Yanki Tauber It’s interesting how we humans use time. We take one-365th part of it, outline it in red crayon, and call it our “birthday.” Other fractions are defined as “wedding anniversary,” “vacation” and an assortment of holidays and remembrance days. Instead of learning how to merge our lives with its flow, we prefer to relate only to bits and pieces of it. We are looking for specialness. Is that really how we are? The spiritual time to which our souls tick likewise consists of both peaks and plateaus. Employing our sense of specialty and occasion are the divinely ordained “appointments in time”: Shabbat inserts a bubble of tranquility into our lives’ ceaseless churning; Passover introduces freedom into our lives, Rosh Hashanah imbues them with awe, Simchat Torah invigorates them with joy. And then there are the “regular” mitzvot—prayer, Torah study, tefillin, kashrut—that become interwoven into our lives’ routine.
Martha Nussbaum | University of Chicago Law School Martha Nussbaum received her BA from NYU and her MA and PhD from Harvard. She has taught at Harvard, Brown, and Oxford Universities. From 1986 to 1993, Ms. Nussbaum was a research advisor at the World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, a part of the United Nations University. She has chaired the American Philosophical Association’s Committee on International Cooperation, the Committee on the Status of Women, and the Committee for Public Philosophy. Professor Nussbaum is the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics, appointed in the Law School and Philosophy Department. Education: BA, 1969, New York University; MA, 1971, PhD, 1975, Harvard University
Presocratic Philosophy The Origins of Western Thought Philosophical Thinking Philosophy as a discipline isn't easy to define precisely. Issuing from a sense of wonderment about life and the world, it often involves a keen interest in major questions about ourselves, our experience, and our place in the universe as a whole. But philosophy is also reflectively concerned with the methods its practitioners employ in the effort to resolve such questions. Emerging as a central feature of Western culture, philosophy is a tradition of thinking and writing about particular issues in special ways. Thus, philosophy must be regarded both as content and as activity: It considers alternative views of what is real and the development of reasons for accepting them. Since our personal growth in these matters naturally retraces the process of cultural development, study of the history of philosophy in our culture provides an excellent introduction to the discipline as a whole. Greek Philosophy Milesian Speculation Pythagorean Life
PHILOSOPHY POSTERS by Max Temkin | News | Design | Arts | Tech | Entertainment | Latest News | The Skunk Pot Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. The word “philosophy” comes from the Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means “love of wisdom“. In this case, Max Temkin, the artist, wanted to create posters with quotes that motivated people to think ‘different‘. More about Max Temkin’s philosophy posters Also check out AMAZING SLEEPING BABIES PHOTOGRAPHY and MAPPING STEREOTYPES
Apprendre à questionner? Quand Socrate peut encore être utile! Pour Bruno Devauchelle, une appropriation critique des outils numériques passe aussi beaucoup par la pratique, et pas uniquement le théorie. Une nécessaire dialectique qui passe par une revalorisation des usages non "nobles" du point de vue de l'école académique. Les débats autour des compétences informationnelles des jeunes, leurs habiletés, leur naïveté, leur absence de sens critique sont entrés désormais dans le champ de la banalité. Ils acquièrent des connaissances « futiles » et pas des connaissances « utiles », déclarait un orateur lors de la conclusion du séminaire sur le manuel numérique organisé par le ministère de l’Éducation les 20 et 21 janvier à l’ENS de Lyon. Ils ne maîtrisent pas réellement l’ordinateur disent les autres enseignants, il leur faut des cours d’informatique disent encore d’autres, fiers d’annoncer qu’ils ont obtenu une option informatique en terminale et que l’informatique entre à nouveau dans l’enseignement. À suivre et à débattre…
Ouroboros Historical representations[edit] Antiquity[edit] In ancient Egypt, the scarab (or dung beetle) was viewed as a sign of eternal renewal and reemergence of life, a reminder of the life to come. (See also "Atum" and "Ma'at.") The ancient Mayans and Aztecs also took a cyclical view of time. In ancient Greece, the concept of eternal return was connected with Empedocles, Zeno of Citium, and most notably in Stoicism (see ekpyrosis). Egypt[edit] The first known appearance of the ouroboros motif is in the Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld, an ancient Egyptian funerary text in KV62, the tomb of Tutankhamun, in the 14th century BC. Greece[edit] Plato described as the first living thing a self-eating, circular being—the universe as an immortal, mythologically constructed entity. In Gnosticism, a serpent biting its tail symbolized eternity and the soul of the world. Middle Ages[edit] Alchemy[edit] Chemistry[edit] Kekulé's proposal for the structure of benzene (1872) Kundalini Yoga[edit] Other traditions[edit]
How To Get Maximum Results When You Have Too Many Ideas (Harnessing The Superstar Effect) by Celes on Jun 8, 2012 | ShareThis Email This Post Hi Celes, [how would you recommend] organizing one interests for maximum productivity? I know a lot of people, myself included who are passionate about lots of things, and while it’s sound advice to just hone in on the few things that really matter, there’s always the idea creep where you keep getting little project ideas and little offshoot projects etc… These can weigh down progress. I’ve been really focusing on just a few things and for the most part it’s working for me but I’d really love to hear your take on it. – Jeff What do you do when you have too many projects you want to embark on but limited time to do them? For the first few years when I started PE, that was a situation I constantly found myself in. Too Many Ideas, Too Little Time For example, here is a list of tasks/projects/ideas that were on my consideration list in the middle of 2011 (not including personal to-dos): Maximizing My Personal Productivity The Solution 1. 2. 3.