Macaroon A macaroon (/mækəˈruːn/ mak-ə-ROON) is a type of light, baked confection, described as meringue-like cookies depending on their consistency. The original macaroon was a "small sweet cake consisting largely of ground almonds"[1] similar to Italian amaretti. The English word macaroon and French macaron come from the Italian maccarone or maccherone. This word is itself derived from ammaccare, meaning to bruise,[2] used here in reference to the almond paste which is the principal ingredient. Origins[edit] The name of the cookie comes from an Italian word meaning paste, maccarone. Italian Jews later adopted the cookie because it has no flour or leavening (macaroons are leavened by egg whites) and can be enjoyed during the eight-day observation of Passover. Regional varieties[edit] Scottish[edit] The Scottish macaroon is a sweet confection with a thick velvety centre covered in chocolate and topped with roasted coconut. North American[edit] Coconut macaroon[edit] Coconut macaroons Dominican[edit]
Henry Acselrad e Carlos Vainer Meringue History[edit] Three meringue mushrooms. Each mushroom was made from two stiff, dry, baked pieces of meringue attached with a small amount of melted chocolate. The realistic "dirty" color is created by sprinkling with cocoa powder. It has been claimed that meringue was invented in the Swiss village of Meiringen and improved by an Italian chef named Gasparini in the 18th century.[2] However this claim is contested; the Oxford English Dictionary states that the French word is of unknown origin. Meringues were traditionally shaped between two large spoons, as they are generally at home today. Types of meringue[edit] French meringue is the method best known to home cooks. Chemistry[edit] Beaten egg whites When egg whites are beaten, some of the hydrogen bonds in the proteins break, causing the proteins to unfold ("denature") and to aggregate non-specifically. Sugar substitutes are not useful in meringue. Egg whites and sugar are both hygroscopic (water-attracting) chemicals. Uses[edit]
Ecologia política Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Ecologia política é o estudo da relação harmônica ou desarmônica entre os grupos sociais e o ecossistema em que estão inseridos (ver Martinez-Alier), ficando alguns grupos com os recursos e outros sofrendo mais com a poluição. É uma interdisciplina com a geopolítica. Um dos classicos da ecologia politica no mundo Anglofono e a obra de Piers Blaikie "The Political Economy of Soil Erosion" (Methuen, 1985), um estudo que correlaciona a degradação do solo na África sobretudo à política colonial de apropriação da terra - e não à superexploração do solo, por parte dos agricultores africanos. A maioria dos estudiosos da ecologia política provém da Antropologia, da Geografia, da Ciência Política, e de outras ciências sociais. Assim a Ecologia Política propõe-se a contribuir para: No Brasil, grupos de pesquisa sobre ecologia política mais notáveis são o GESTA na UFMG e o grupo do Prof Henry Acselrad e Carlos Vainer no IPPUR/UFRJ.
Postchristianity Postchristianity[1] is the decline of Christianity in contemporary societies. It is the belief that the loss of Christian monopoly in political affairs, especially in the Global North where Christianity had previously flourished, will eventually lead its demise in favour of secular nationalism. [2] It includes personal world views, ideologies, religious movements or societies that are no longer rooted in the language and assumptions of Christianity, at least explicitly, though it had previously been in an environment of ubiquitous Christianity, i.e. Christendom. The “decline of Christianity”[edit] Until recently, the overwhelming majority of Christians have lived in White nations, allowing theorists to speak of an “European Christian” civilization; conversely, radical writers have seen Christianity as an ideological arm of Western imperialism.[3] As a result, the loss of Christian influence in the West has led to beliefs of inevitable global decline of Christianity. Other Uses[edit]
Bruno Latour Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Bruno Latour Bruno Latour (Beaune, 22 de junho de 1947) é um antropólogo, sociólogo e filósofo da ciência e francês. Um dos fundadores dos chamados Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia (ESCT), sua principal contribuição teórica - ao lado de outros autores como Michel Callon e John Law - é o desenvolvimento da ANT - Actor Network Theory (Teoria ator-rede) que, ao analisar a atividade científica, considera tanto os atores humanos como os não humanos, estes últimos devido à sua vinculação ao princípio de simetria generalizada. Conhecido pelos seus livros que descrevem o processo de pesquisa científica, dentro da perspectiva construtivista que privilegia a interação entre o discurso científico e a sociedade, os de maior destaque são: Jamais Fomos Modernos e Ciência em Ação. Primeiras Pesquisas[editar | editar código-fonte] Jamais fomos modernos[editar | editar código-fonte] Pesquisas Posteriores[editar | editar código-fonte] Referências
Cringe comedy Cringe comedy is a specific genre of comedy in which the intent is to make the viewer uncomfortable rather than laugh.[1] Often a cringe comedy will have an air of mockumentary and revolve around a serious setting, such as a workplace, to lend the comedy a sense of reality. The protagonists are typically egoists and overstepping the boundaries of political correctness and break social norms. Then the comedy will attack the protagonist by not letting them become aware of their self-centered view, or by making them oblivious to the ego-deflation that the comedy deals them. Sometimes however an unlikeable protagonist may not suffer any consequences, which violates our moral expectations, and also make the audience cringe.[2] Popular examples of television programmes that employ this genre of comedy were The Office, It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia, Louie, and Mr Bean.
Teoria ator-rede Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. A teoria ator-rede, ou ANT de sua sigla em inglês Actor-Network Theory é uma corrente da pesquisa em teoria social que se originou na área de estudos de ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Apesar de ser conhecida por sua controversa defesa de uma agência dos elementos não-humanos, também é associada a críticas à sociologia convencional tanto quanto à sociologia crítica. Esta é uma teoria que enfatiza a ideia de que os actores, humanos e não humanos, estão constantemente ligados a uma rede social de elementos (materiais e imateriais). O termo actante é utilizado como uma forma neutra de se referir a atores tanto humanos como não-humanos, já que seus principais autores consideram que a palavra autor tem uma carga simbólica ligada ao "ser pessoas".
Matcha Blends of matcha are given poetic names called chamei ("tea names") either by the producing plantation, shop or creator of the blend, or by the grand master of a particular tea tradition. When a blend is named by the grand master of some tea ceremony lineage, it becomes known as the master's konomi, or favoured blend. History[edit] In Tang Dynasty China (618–907), tea leaves were steamed and formed into tea bricks for storage and trade. The tea was prepared by roasting and pulverizing the tea, and decocting the resulting tea powder in hot water, adding salt.[2] In the Song Dynasty (960–1279), the method of making powdered tea from steam-prepared dried tea leaves, and preparing the beverage by whipping the tea powder and hot water together in a bowl became popular.[3] Preparation and consumption of powdered tea was formed into a ritual by Zen (Chan) Buddhists. A bowl of matcha on a black lacquered tray with a traditional sweet Production[edit] Grades[edit] Location on the tea bush[edit]