Glossary of systems theory A glossary of terms as relating to systems theory.[1] A[edit] B[edit] C[edit] Cascading failure: failure in a system of interconnected parts, where the service provided depends on the operation of a preceding part, and the failure of a preceding part can trigger the failure of successive parts.Closed system: a system which can exchange energy (as heat or work), but not matter, with its surroundings.Complexity: A systemic characteristic that stands for a large number of densely connected parts and multiple levels of embeddedness and entanglement. Not to be confused with complicatedness, which denotes a situation or event that is not easy to understand, regardless of its degree of complexity.Culture: The result of individual learning processes that distinguish one social group of higher animals from another. D[edit] Development: The process of liberating a system from its previous set of limiting conditions. E[edit] F[edit] H[edit] I[edit] L[edit] M[edit] O[edit] Open System Model (basics) P[edit]
Dunning–Kruger effect Cognitive bias about one's own skill The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with limited competence in a particular domain overestimate their abilities. It was first described by Justin Kruger and David Dunning in 1999. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills. Numerous similar studies have been done. There is disagreement about the causes of the Dunning–Kruger effect. There is also disagreement about where the effect applies and about how strong it is, as well as about its practical consequences. The Dunning–Kruger effect is defined as the tendency of people with low ability in a specific area to give overly positive assessments of this ability. Not knowing the scope of your own ignorance is part of the human condition. David Dunning Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. Measurement, analysis, and investigated tasks [edit] Practical significance
Dissertation « The Dreaming Game Designer This large post has the final version of my dissertation, be advised that the word count came in at 6585 words, it’s a long read but you should be able to just skip to the Further Issues & The Nature of Puzzles sections right at the end without losing out on too much content. The Challenge of Puzzle Solving in Games – Robert Farr Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of BA in Creative Computer Games Design at Swansea Metropolitan University (Formerly Swansea Institute of Higher Education) Table of Contents Word Count 6585 Chapter 1: Introduction What is a game? In order to do the above it is first necessary to examine the definition of a game as this informs further discussion of the reasons for why adventure games have suffered recently. For simplicity we shall instead focus on a definition authored by game designer Greg Costikyan. What is a First Person Shooter? What is a Graphic Adventure Game? Chapter Summary Chapter 2: First Person Shooter Half-Life Far Cry 2
Systems - A Journey Along the Way Systems A Journey Along theWay Welcome to a journey in the realm of systems. The journey is still unfolding as this web site continues to evolve over time. Yet, even with the endless changes, there continues to be a connection, in one fashion or another, with systems. The real intent here is not to study systems as a discipline, though more an intent to study lots of things and employ a systems perspective to foster understanding. Every attempt will be made to avoid the major failing of "system science." Enjoy the journey! System The word system probably has more varied meanings than any other word in use today. A system is an entity which maintains its existence through the mutual interaction of its parts. The key emphasis here is "mutual interaction," in that something is occurring between the parts, over time, which maintains the system. This definition of a system implies something beyond cause and effect. Emergence Associated with the idea of system is a principle called emergence.
SCHOPENHAUER'S 38 STRATAGEMS, OR 38 WAYS TO WIN AN ARGUMENT Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), was a brilliant German philosopher. These 38 Stratagems are excerpts from "The Art of Controversy", first translated into English and published in 1896. Carry your opponent's proposition beyond its natural limits; exaggerate it. The more general your opponent's statement becomes, the more objections you can find against it. The more restricted and narrow his or her propositions remain, the easier they are to defend by him or her. Use different meanings of your opponent's words to refute his or her argument. (abstracted from the book:Numerical Lists You Never Knew or Once Knew and Probably Forget, by: John Boswell and Dan Starer)
Home Wicked Problems If you work in an organisation that deals with social, commercial or financial planning - or any type of public policy planning - then you've got wicked problems. You may not call them by this name, but you know what they are. They are those complex, ever changing societal and organisational planning problems that you haven't been able to treat with much success, because they won't keep still. Keywords: Wicked problems, general morphological analysis, policy analysis, Horst Rittel Introduction In 1973, Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber, both urban planners at the University of Berkley in California, wrote an article for Policy Sciences with the astounding title "Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning". At first glance, it is not self-evident what is actually meant by this term. Also, wicked problems are not actually "problems" in the sense of having well defined and stable problem statements. First, let us look at what characterises a tame problem. Ten Criteria for Wicked Problems 1. 2.
Making Computer Games Is Easy « Meditations on First Gaming Phil Well, not really. Obviously the process of actually making a real game is laboriously difficult and beset with more problems than you could ever presuppose (which is sort of the point), so difficult that any project of any size will find it hard to ever estimate how long their game will take to make. If we are talking man hours to actual end content making games is ludicrously difficult. So maybe we can say finishing a game is hard, but actually making one? Mario is a paradigm we all understand, controls and rules we are familiar with, so where ever the game wants to pull off its quirk (Time Travel! But that’s the thing. My premier theory for Why All Games Are Shit ™ (Alternatively: Why Gaming Isn’t An Art-form ™ or Why All Mainstream Games Are The Same ™) is that to ever get to the position in any studio that gets its works published you’d already have to A. Which leads me back to the indies. After all, designing games is hard, making games is easy. Like this: Like Loading...
SystemsWiki Learning Through Reflection Edited by Arthur L. Costa and Bena Kallick by Arthur L. Costa and Bena Kallick Reflection has many facets. For example, reflecting on work enhances its meaning. Reflection involves linking a current experience to previous learnings (a process called scaffolding). Valuing Reflection The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery. —Mark Van Doren Teachers who promote reflective classrooms ensure that students are fully engaged in the process of making meaning. In the role of facilitator, the teacher acts as an intermediary between the learner and the learning, guiding each student to approach the learning activity in a strategic way. Unfortunately, educators don't often ask students to reflect on their learning. In response to our questions, students who are inexperienced with reflection offer simple answers such as "This was an easy assignment!" Setting the Tone for Reflection Teachers must signal a shift in tone when they ask students to reflect on their learning. Discussions
System Dynamics Home Page Wicked problem "Wicked problem" is a phrase originally used in social planning to describe a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. The term "wicked" is used to denote resistance to resolution, rather than evil.[1] Moreover, because of complex interdependencies, the effort to solve one aspect of a wicked problem may reveal or create other problems. C. West Churchman introduced the concept of wicked problems in a "Guest Editorial" of Management Science (Vol. 14, No. 4, December 1967) by referring to "a recent seminar" by Professor Horst Rittel, and discussing the moral responsibility of operations research "to inform the manager in what respect our 'solutions' have failed to tame his wicked problems". Characteristics[edit] Rittel and Webber's 1973 formulation of wicked problems in social policy planning specified ten characteristics:[2][3] The defining characteristics are:[4] Examples[edit]
Taekwan Kim's Blog - Validation Theory The following blog post, unless otherwise noted, was written by a member of Gamasutra’s community. The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the writer and not Gamasutra or its parent company. Today, I’d like to propose a very basic idea: a consequence is a reward whenever it validates the player. If we take the premise as granted, however, a careful examination should produce some practical insights into how validation shapes player activity. Validation: The Source of All Rewards The pursuit of validation—objectively, the psychological result when reality matches schema; subjectively, the feeling that an investment (intellectual, emotional, material, etc.) has been justified—is one of those things that, because it so thoroughly and expansively permeates human behavior, largely escape our conscious awareness. But the cascade of psychological activity involved in validation serves a very real, evolutionary level purpose as a basic and essential survival tool. Closing Thoughts
Systems Analysis Interesting Web Sites List Systems Analysis Web Sites General Systems Analysis Links Systems and Systems Thinking Definition of a System A system definition courtesy of the Pentagon. Horizonwatching: A Smarter Planet --- aka a system! Systems and Systems Thinking Dr. Benefits of Systems Analysis Product Design by Business Week Systems Theory at work: Using a Complex Systems Approach to Study Educational Policy Horizonwatching: A Smarter Planet --- aka a system! MetaPlanning Victorian Data Processing Modern Systems Analyst Don Norman's website. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Web-based Information Systems Hospital begins process by re-examining patient experience Places to Intervene in a System Systems Analysis for Beginners To Combat Terrorism, a Systems Approach is Vital -- read the article. Systems Analysis: A Tool to Understand and Predict Terrorist Activities Systems Thinking at Wikipedia Systems Thinking from MIT VIDEO: Warriors of the Net An Example Systems Analysis Humor in Systems Analysis IDE-O comes to St.