Background: The Indian Act Since Canada was created in 1867, the federal government has been in charge of aboriginal affairs. The Indian Act, which was enacted in 1876 and has since been amended, allows the government to control most aspects of aboriginal life: Indian status, land, resources, wills, education, band administration and so on. Inuit and Métis are not governed by this law. In its previous versions, the Indian Act clearly aimed to assimilate First Nations. People who earned a university degree would automatically lose their Indian status, as would status women who married non-status men. Between 1879 and 1996, tens of thousands of First Nations children attended residential schools designed to make them forget their language and culture, where many suffered abuse. Some provisions of the Indian Act, however, were designed to protect the native population. Two sides to relationship Assembly of First Nations National Chief Shawn Atleo has called on the federal government to repeal the Indian Act.
Joey Gibbs's Blog - Player Agency, Critical States, and Games as Formal Systems The following blog post, unless otherwise noted, was written by a member of Gamasutra’s community. The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the writer and not Gamasutra or its parent company. Hello again true believers, and welcome to another of Joey's (pen)weekly blog posts! Joey here, reporting live from FS's UXL. The post is a little early this week - because I'll be out of town for the weekend and likely will have little desire to compose - but hey, I'll chalk it up to being slightly more proactive than is my usual modus operandi. True as ever to my word, today's topic will be player agency - that mystical force that is the hallmark of interactive media everywhere. So what is player agency, exactly? Well, player agency describes the ability of a player to interact meaningfully with gameworld. In my thesis, I am currently defining interactivity as the ability of a player to alter the state of a game system. A neutral state is one that can be undone. Wow. Peace!
Canada in the Making - Aboriginals: Treaties & Relations Two important events happened in 1876 that had an effect on Aboriginal history in Canada. One was the signing of Numbered Treaty Six, which was arguably the most important and controversial treaty signed during the 1800s. It allowed, for the first time, an Indian agent to keep a medicine chest in his home, a move some Aboriginals later interpreted as a promise by the government to provide free health care. The second was the passing of the Indian Act, which effectively made all Aboriginals wards of the state. The Indian Act, 1876 Treaty Number Six, 1876Treaty Number Seven, 1877 Other Interesting or Important Documents The Indian Act, 1876 Once a majority of Aboriginals living on the Prairies had signed the Numbered Treaties, the federal government introduced and passed an act to amend and consolidate previous laws concerning the Aboriginals. Copyright/Source The Act also spelled out conditions for being an Indian under the eyes of the law. Sir John A. Treaty Number Six, 1876
Don’t Be A Hero - 80 Days the Game - The Literary Platform Transforming Around the World in Eighty Days into an interactive story Meg Jayanth is the writer of 80 Days – a steampunk interactive narrative adventure game based on Jules Verne’s ‘Around the World in Eighty Days’. 80 Days is published by inkle studios in partnership with Profile Books, released for iPhone and iPad this month. Here is a confession to start you off: I loathe Aouda. For those of you that haven’t had the pleasure of reading Jules Verne’s seminal adventure novel Around the World in 80 Days, Aouda is the Indian princess that the gentleman protagonist Phileas Fogg rescues from being burned alive. Aouda is not just Indian, she is an imperialist’s vision of India: rescued from savagery and ignorance by the cool-headed rationality of an Englishman; a grateful bounty that delivers itself willingly into the hands of the benign master. My first thought was “what am I going to do about Aouda?” But having agency doesn’t have to translate into always being the hero.
21 Things You May Not Have Known About The Indian Act "The great aim of our legislation has been to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the other inhabitants of the Dominion as speedily as they are fit to change.” - John A Macdonald, 1887 Many laws affecting Aboriginal Peoples were combined in 1876 to become the Indian Act. The Act gave Canada a coordinated approach to Indian policy rather than the pre-Confederation piece-meal approach. Here is a permission slip that would have be required to leave the reserve. The Indian agent, acting under the authority of the Indian Act, played a key role in the distribution of land, replacing traditional names for “easier” identification and altering traditional and hereditary forms of government, among other actions and restrictions. The Indian Act has been a lightning rod for criticism and controversy over the years, widely attacked by First Nations people and communities for its regressive and paternalistic excesses. The Indian Act: Sign me up Please!
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Indian Act The Indian Act is the principal statute through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies. Indian Act (courtesy Government of Canada) The Indian Act is the principal statute through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies. The Indian Act pertains only to First Nations peoples, not to the Métis or Inuit. Early Policies: 1763–1876 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 laid down the basis for how colonial administration would interact with First Nations peoples in the centuries that followed. The 1850 Act for the better protection of the Lands and Property of the Indians in Lower Canada was one of the first pieces of legislation that included a set of requirements for a person to be considered a legal Indian — a precursor to the concept of “status.” Entrenched Paternalism: 1876–1951 Reforms
Enfranchisement Enfranchisement was the most common of the legal processes by which native peoples lost their Indian Status under the Indian Act. Enfranchisement was the most common of the legal processes by which native peoples lost their Indian Status under the Indian Act. The term was used both for those who give up their status by choice, and for the much larger number of native women who lost status automatically upon marriage to non-native men (see Jeannette Lavell). The right to vote, often confused with "enfranchisement" in the technical sense discussed here, was only one of the supposed advantages of loss of status before native people acquired the federal vote in 1960. By enfranchising, a person was supposed to be consenting to abandon native identity and communal society (with its artificial legal disabilities) in order to merge with the "free," individualistic and non-native majority.
Treaty Walks: Treaty Essential Learnings Native Studies Research/Inquiry Project. This little book can help you research almost all of the topics. See the table of contents below. Treaties: The entire book gives you information about the Treaties in Saskatchewan. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 on page 11 and 19. The Indian Act, 1876 on page 22; Amendments to the Indian Act on page 23; The Status Issue on page 56; and more contemporary thoughts on the Indian Act on page 57. Colonialism Federal First Nation Legislation, 1867 on page 22; The Indian Act on page 22; "The Davin Report, 1879 on page 22; The Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) on page 22 and more... Land Rights: Lands in Dispute on page 51 and Maps of "Location of Historical Treaty Boundaries in Canada" and "Treaty Boundaries, Location of the First Nations and the Treaty Sites in Saskatchewan" page 71 and 72.