Why did Henry VIII have six wives? Henry divorced two of his wives (Catherine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves), he had two of his wives executed (Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard) and one of his wives (Jane Seymour) died shortly after childbirth. His last wife (Catherine Parr) outlived him. Why did Henry VIII have six wives? Monarchs in the Tudor times rarely married for love. Henry had six wives because.... He had the first wife because he was betrothed to her by his father. He had the second wife because he fell in love and also needed a legitimate male heir. He had the third wife because he still needed a male heir. He had the fourth wife because of diplomatic reasons. He had the fifth wife because he fell in love again. He had the sixth wife because he was old and sick and needed a companion and nurse who wouldn't give him too much trouble. Henry's main aim was to make sure that the Tudors would keep on ruling England after he died. Who were the six wives? They were (in order) "Divorced, beheaded, died. Back to Henry VIII
Map of London Social and Functional Analysis 1943 | Mapping London [Updated] This map of London districts, was intended to be used as a grand “masterplan” of how a post-WW2 London could look. Each district appears as a simplified “blob” with rounded edges – many districts are simple ovals. Specific single “University”, “Government”, “Press” and “Law” districts are all defined. Blue dots mark out the main shopping streets, with town halls marked with larger red dots. The accompanying text reads: A simplification of the communities & open space survey showing the existing main elements of London. Thankfully London has not ended up as ordered and prescribed – and obsolescent – as this map suggests. [Update – Thanks to Andrea Marchesetti for mentioning the below related map, from around the same time and with the same general idea, except with more precise boundaries drawn around the communities.] See more maps featured on Mapping London
Pre-Reformation History of the Bible The story of how we got the English language Bible is, for the most part, the story of the Protestant Reformation which began in the late 14th Century AD with John Wycliffe. Indeed, if we go back more than just one thousand years, there is no language recognizable as “English” that even existed anywhere. The story of the Bible is much older than that, however. The first recorded instance of God’s Word being written down, was when the Lord Himself wrote it down in the form of ten commandments on the stone tablets delivered to Moses at the top of Mount Sinai. Biblical scholars believe this occurred between 1,400 BC and 1,500 BC… almost 3,500 years ago. The earliest scripture is generally considered to be the “Pentateuch”, the first five books of the Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, & Deuteronomy… though there is some scholarly evidence to indicate that the Old Testament Book of Job may actually be the oldest book in the Bible.
Mary I Mary Tudor was the only child born to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon to survive childhood. Had she been born a boy, it is likely that the whole of English history would have been different (but probably less interesting!). Mary had a good childhood as a young princess, and was the center of court attention in her earliest years. But, as the years progressed and no little brothers followed, Mary's father began to look into the alternatives. Eventually, Henry sought an annulment from Catherine, and married his second Queen: Anne Boleyn. When Anne Boleyn gave birth to Elizabeth, Mary was sent to attend the new young Princess in her household. Shortly after the death of Anne Boleyn, Henry wed Jane Seymour, who sought to reconcile the King with his two daughters. In October 1537, Queen Jane gave birth to Edward, Henry's longed for son and Mary stood as the young Prince's godmother at the christening. In January 1540, Mary gained yet another stepmother: Anne of Cleves.
The History of the Jet Engine - Sir Frank Whittle - Hans Von Ohain By Mary Bellis Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the co-inventors of the jet engine. Each worked separately and knew nothing of the other's work. Sir Frank Whittle was an English aviation engineer and pilot, the son of a mechanic, Frank Whittle joined the Royal Air Force or RAF as an apprentice. With private financial support, he began construction of his first engine in 1935. The firm of Power Jets Ltd., with which Whittle was associated, received a contract for a Whittle engine, known as the W1, on July 7, 1939. born: June 1, 1907, Coventry, Warwickshire, England died: Aug. 8, 1996, Columbia, Md., U.S. Doctor Hans Von Ohain was a German airplane designer who invented an operational jet engine. Hans Von Ohain joined Ernst Heinkel in 1936 and continued with the development of his concepts of jet propulsion. Hans Von Ohain developed a second improved jet engine, the He S.8A, which was first flown on April 2, 1941. Photo Courtesy U.S.
1385 Wycliffe New Testament Facsimile Reproduction 1385 Wycliffe Manuscript New Testament Facsimile Reproduction This is the very first translation of the scriptures into the English language. It is a beautiful hand-written manuscript. John Wycliffe is called “The Morning Star of the Reformation”. He was the first person to translate the Bible into the English language. Because he lived nearly a century before Gutenberg invented the printing press, his New Testaments and Bibles were of course, hand-written manuscripts. While a number of "typed-out" printings of Wycliffe’s original manuscripts have been done over the years, this Facsimile Reproduction is the only actual photo-copy- type facsimile that has ever been done. This is the only one of our regular facsimiles that we ourselves did not produce. While the handwritting is reasonably neat and legible; it is a handwritten manuscript, and not an easy-to-read typed-out book printing like our other facsimiles.
The Reformation The English Reformation started in the reign of Henry VIII. The English Reformation was to have far reaching consequences in Tudor England. Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to produce a male heir to the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be - Anne Boleyn. By 1527, Catherine was considered too old to have anymore children. However, a divorce was not a simple issue. The Roman Catholic faith believed in marriage for life. This put Henry VIII in a difficult position. Another approach Henry used was to make a special appeal to the pope so that he might get a special "Papal Dispensation". The Archbishop granted Henry his divorce - against the wishes of the pope. This event effectively lead to England breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome. How did the people of England react to this? Henry was made Supreme Head of the Church by an Act of Parliament in 1534. To reform means to change.
Lady Jane Grey and Lord Guilford Dudley Executions 1554 Lady Jane Grey and her husband, Lord Guildford Dudley, were executed on 12 February 1554 at the Tower of London. The account below was found in the anonymous Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary. The decision to execute her cousin was not easy for Queen Mary I. His [Guildford’s] carcase thrown into a cart, and his head in a cloth, he was brought to the chapel within the Tower, where the Lady Jane, whose lodging was in Partidge’s house, did see his dead carcase taken out of the cart, as well as she did see him before alive on going to his death – a sight to her no less than death. Read More English History Topics The Coronation of Lady Jane Grey, 1553 This account of Jane Grey's coronation was written by Henry Machyn, a London undertaker. February 28, 2015 In "Tudor" Lady Catherine Grey Facts & Information Biography ' I have sent you, good sister Catherine, a book, which although it be not outwardly trimmed with gold, yet inwardly it is more worthy than precious stones.
John Wycliffe The first hand-written English language Bible manuscripts were produced in 1380's AD by John Wycliffe, an Oxford professor, scholar, and theologian. Wycliffe, (also spelled “Wycliff” & “Wyclif”), was well-known throughout Europe for his opposition to the teaching of the organized Church, which he believed to be contrary to the Bible. With the help of his followers, called the Lollards, and his assistant Purvey, and many other faithful scribes, Wycliffe produced dozens of English language manuscript copies of the scriptures. They were translated out of the Latin Vulgate, which was the only source text available to Wycliffe. The Pope was so infuriated by his teachings and his translation of the Bible into English, that 44 years after Wycliffe had died, he ordered the bones to be dug-up, crushed, and scattered in the river! John Wycliffe (1320-1384) was a theologian and early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. The Early Life of John Wycliffe
Elizabeth I Elizabeth's life was troubled from the moment she was born. Henry VIII had changed the course of his country's history in order to marry Anne Boleyn, hoping that she would bear him the strong and healthy son that Catherine of Aragon never did. But, on September 7, 1533 in Greenwich Palace, Anne bore Elizabeth instead. Anne did eventually conceive a son, but he was stillborn. Elizabeth was probably at the royal manor at Hunsdon when her mother was arrested and executed after being at court for Christmas (and likely the last time she saw her mother). Elizabeth's last stepmother was Katherine Parr, the sixth queen to Henry VIII. Elizabeth went to live with the Queen Dowager Katherine, but left her household after an incident with the Lord Admiral, Thomas Seymour, who was now Katherine's husband. Edward may have contracted what was then called consumption (possibly tuberculosis) or had a severe respiratory infection. Elizabeth had survived and was finally Queen of England.
Kitchener: The most famous pointing finger Image copyright Other A recruitment poster of the stern-eyed Lord Kitchener has become a defining image of World War One. A clever illustrator's psychological trickery has spawned a thousand imitations, writes Adam Eley. It is perhaps history's most famous pointing finger. The image of British war minister Lord Kitchener's index finger unsettlingly aimed at the viewer remains immediately recognisable 100 years after its design. Most people assume this image owes its fame to a government recruiting campaign during World War One. But while an estimated 5.7 million official posters printed in the UK from 1914-18, as few as 10,000 copies of this particular image were made. It was initially intended only as a front cover design for the London Opinion magazine on 5 September 1914, created by professional illustrator Alfred Leete, supposedly in a single day. The slogan was then slightly tweaked to simply "Wants You" and the image was privately produced as a poster shortly afterwards.
Martin Luther Martin Luther had a small head-start on Tyndale, as Luther declared his intolerance for the Roman Church’s corruption on Halloween in 1517 , by nailing his 95 Theses of Contention to the Wittenberg Church door. Luther, who would be exiled in the months following the Diet of Worms Council in 1521 that was designed to martyr him, would translate the New Testament into German for the first time from the 1516 Greek-Latin New Testament of Erasmus, and publish it in September of 1522 . Luther also published a German Pentateuch in 1523 , and another edition of the German New Testament in 1529 . In the 1530’s he would go on to publish the entire Bible in German. Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 - February 18, 1546) was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions. Martin Luther's early life Martin Luther’s father owned a copper mine in nearby Mansfeld. Here I Stand