Untold Stories of the First World War Photos, letters and other memorabilia It was the war that tore Europe apart – a struggle between the central powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria, against the allied powers of Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Italy and the USA. No European nation was left untouched – even neutral states felt the impact of the war. But it was the ordinary men and women who were affected the most. This exhibition gives those personal accounts from across Europe for the first time, based on stories and items contributed by the public. Renowned historian and WW1 author Peter Englund said: “This important and imaginative project tells the other side of the story, from the point of view of a young soldier who signed up seeking adventure, to the family devastated by news that he was one of millions who would never return.
Operation War Diary You are the Fleet Admiral of the Navy in WWI what do you do? The Situation You’re the Fleet Admiral of the Navy in World War I. Your ships are being sunk at an alarming rate by the devastatingly effective German U-Boat. The traditional camouflage isn’t working because your environment (sea and sky) changes with the weather. What do you do? This is the German U-Boat Sinking your Battleships The Insight It’s not where you are it’s where you’re going World War I occurred from 1914–1918; back then sinking an enemy battleship was a three-step process: Step 1: Locate your target’s position and plot its course. *Remember this is early 20th century warfare, weapons don’t travel at the speed they do today So what’s your solution Fleet Admiral? Forget about not being seen, that only solves their first problem. British Artist and naval officer Norman Wilkinson had this very insight and pioneered the Dazzle Camouflage movement (known as Razzle Dazzle in the United States). It was cheap, effective, and widely-adopted during the War. Photograph by monacoeye.com
Life In The Trenches | WW1 Facts There was nothing glamorous about trench life. World War 1 trenches were dirty, smelly and riddled with disease. For soldiers life in the trenches meant living in fear. In fear of diseases (like cholera and trench foot) and of course, the constant fear of enemy attack. Trench warfare WW1 style is something all participating countries vowed never to repeat and the facts make it easy to see why. Constructing WW1 Trenches The British and the French recruited manpower from non-belligerent China to support the troops with manual labour. 140,000 Chinese labourers served on the Western Front over the course of the First World War (40,000 with the French and 100,000 with the British forces). No Man’s Land The open space between two sets of opposing trenches became known as No Man’s Land because no soldier wanted to traverse the distance for fear of attack. The climate in France and Belgium was quite wet, so No Man’s Land soon became a mud bath. Hell on Earth
Life in the Trenches Life in the trenches during the First World War took many forms, and varied widely from sector to sector and from front to front. Undoubtedly, it was entirely unexpected for those eager thousands who signed up for war in August 1914. A War of Movement? Indeed, the Great War - a phrase coined even before it had begun - was expected to be a relatively short affair and, as with most wars, one of great movement. Not that there wasn't movement at all on the Western Front during 1914-18; the war began dramatically with sweeping advances by the Germans through Belgium and France en route for Paris. So what was life actually like for the men serving tours of duty in the line, be they front line, support or reserve trenches? Daily Death in the Trenches Death was a constant companion to those serving in the line, even when no raid or attack was launched or defended against. Similarly, novices were cautioned against their natural inclination to peer over the parapet of the trench into No Man's Land.
In the trenches of 1914-1918 What were the trenches? Although most of us think primarily of the Great War in terms of life and death in the trenches, only a relatively small proportion of the army actually served there. The trenches were the front lines, the most dangerous places. But behind them was a mass of supply lines, training establishments, stores, workshops, headquarters and all the other elements of the 1914-1918 system of war, in which the majority of troops were employed. Why were the trenches there? The idea of digging into the ground to give some protection from powerful enemy artillery and small arms fire was not a new idea or unique to the Great War. What were the trenches like? The type and nature of the trench positions varied a lot, depending on the local conditions. The bird's-eye view (below, from an official infantry training manual of March 1916) shows a typical but very stylised trench layout. Behind it is another line, similarly made, called a support line. Keep your head down!
Front Line: Life in the Trenches of WWI If you were a soldier fighting in the First World War, what would you see? What would you hear? With only 20 WWI veterans left in the world, fewer and fewer people are able to answer these questions with certainty. For everyone else, there's Front Line. Front Line is a website devoted to the trench experience of the First World War. Trenches: In this page, you'll find information on the construction of trenches, their layout, the hygiene (or lack thereof) of trenches, the cold, and how burials were handled in trench warfare. Routine: On here, you'll find information on the day-to-day life of the soldiers in the trenches: for example, the food they ate, their various duties, and the ways they attempted to cope. Warfare: This page details the "warfare" part of "trench warfare." Traumas: Trench Warfare was a horrific experience for most of the soldiers. Game: This is a choose-your-own-adventure style game that attempts to recreate the experience of trench warfare. About Front Line Contact Me
Causes of World War I Germany, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Britain attempting to keep the lid on the simmering cauldron of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913, but did not succeed in 1914. The crisis came after a long and difficult series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers (Italy, France, Germany, Britain, Austria-Hungary and Russia) over European and colonial issues in the decade before 1914 that had left tensions high. In turn these diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867.[2] The more immediate cause for the war was tensions over territory in the Balkans. The various categories of explanation for World War I correspond to different historians' overall methods. Background Both Wilhelm II and the Army leadership agreed that if a war were necessary it were best launched soon. "Moltke described to me his opinion of our military situation.
BBC Schools - Life in the trenches 31 October 2014Last updated at 15:07 Two British soldiers standing in a flooded communication trench during World War One On the Western Front, the war was fought in trenches. Trenches were long, narrow ditches dug into the ground where soldiers lived all day and night. There were many lines of German trenches on one side and many lines of Allied trenches on the other. In the middle, was no man's land, so-called because it did not belong to either army. Rest Soldiers in the trenches did not get much sleep. Dirty trenches The trenches could be very muddy and smelly.
Ina - Les Jalons de la Première Guerre mondiale L’Ina a développé, avec le concours du Ministère de l’Education Nationale, un site éducatif de référence Jalons pour l’histoire du temps présent qui propose de découvrir et décrypter à travers 1500 documents provenant des archives de la radio, de la presse filmée et de la télévision, l’histoire du monde contemporain depuis 1914. La sélection des films portant sur la Première Guerre mondiale a été faite majoritairement au sein des fonds Pathé et Gaumont. Elle s’est donnée comme objectif d'illustrer plusieurs dimensions du conflit, conformément à l'approche développée dans le cadre des programmes de troisième et de première. Il est apparu indispensable d'y faire figurer quelques grandes batailles et offensives ayant profondément marqué plusieurs générations de Français et occupant toujours une place toute particulière dans la mémoire collective : la bataille de la Marne, Verdun… offensives et contre-offensives de l’année 1918. Quelques Jalons de la Grande guerre : La Grande Guerre
Des décorations et des archives Les soldats de la Grande Guerre et les civils ont été abondamment décorés pendant et après la Première Guerre mondiale. Des sites internet permettent de reconnaître les différentes décorations et de découvrir leur histoire, les critères d’attribution et leurs caractéristiques matérielles : Ordres, décorations et médailles (1914-1918) et France Phaleristique. En revanche, on sait moins que l’attribution de décorations a généré des archives, qui peuvent s’avérer très utiles pour les recherches familiales et historiques. Nous avons voulu identifier ces sources et nous en avons découvert la diversité et la richesse, dont nous essayons de rendre compte dans le présent article. Des décorations : pourquoi, pour qui ? Avant la guerre : Que ce soit par l’octroi d’une promotion au grade supérieur ou par l’attribution d’une marque distinctive, récompenser le soldat est aussi ancien que la guerre elle-même. Pendant et après la guerre : Quelles archives ? 1) Ordre national de la Légion d’honneur (1802) :
1914 - Mobilisation allemande 1914 - 1915 La famille Frank pendant la Première Guerre mondiale PrécédenteSuivante La Première Guerre mondiale La Première Guerre mondiale s’est déroulée de 1914 à 1918. Elle a opposé, initialement, la Russie, la Grande Bretagne et la France à l’Allemagne et l’Autriche-Hongrie. En savoir plus
Guerre de tranchées Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Deux cadavres de soldats allemands gisant dans une tranchée, peints par William Orpen en 1917 La guerre de tranchées est une forme de guerre où les combattants s'abritent dans des lignes fortifiées, largement constituées de tranchées dans lesquelles les soldats sont relativement protégés des armes légères et de l'artillerie. C'est devenu une expression familière pour désigner la guerre de position, une paralysie du conflit et l'épuisement progressif des forces opposées. La guerre de tranchées fut provoquée par une révolution dans la puissance de feu qui ne fut pas suivie d'avancées similaires dans la mobilité des troupes. Vue d'ensemble[modifier | modifier le code] Mise en œuvre durant la Première Guerre mondiale[modifier | modifier le code] Bien que la technologie ait radicalement changé la nature de la guerre en 1914, les armées n'avaient pas anticipé les conséquences de ce changement. Tranchée française dans le nord-est de la France