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Estonia

Estonia
Estonia i/ɛˈstoʊniə/[10][11] (Estonian: Eesti) Estonian pronunciation: [ˈeːsti], officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km).[12] Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish, and distantly to Hungarian and to the Sami languages. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into fifteen counties, with its capital and largest city being Tallinn. Etymology[edit] Esthonia was a common alternative English spelling prior to 1921.[19][20] History[edit] Prehistory[edit] Viking Age[edit]

Corruption in Estonian medicine Justice Ministry Study: doctors most corrupted professionals in Estonia Two major studies compiled by the order of Estonian Justice Ministry and launched in June 2010 and September 2009 have revealed that medical doctors are the most corrupted professionals in Estonia. According to the study revealed by Justice Ministry in June 2010 as much as 9% of those polled said doctors have asked them for a bribe during last 12 months. (See below also Estonia: new initiative with zero tolerance about bribing doctors launched, new Tartu University study about corruption and fraud in Estonian health care). The both major corruption studies (in Estonia) can be found at the Estonian Justice Ministry homepage at www.just.ee . Doctor and Tartu University anatomy lecturer Ivo Kolts: Estonian health sector needs urgent changes and the end to the long time cover-up practice in medicine "Estonian health sector needs urgent changes and the long time cover-up practice in medicine has to end. November 8, 2011

Tallinn Tallinn (/ˈtɑːlɪn/ or /ˈtælɪn/,[3][4] Estonian pronunciation: [ˈtɑlʲˑinˑ]) is the capital and largest city of Estonia. Tallinn occupies an area of 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) and has a population of 431,021.[2] It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km (50 mi) south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[5] It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.[6] The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku in Finland. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until 1917[7] and again during the Nazi invasion of Estonia from 1941 to 1944. Toponymy[edit] Historical names[edit] The lesser coat of arms of Tallinn is also the coat of arms of Harju County and depicts the Dannebrog cross. Other than Kesoniemi known ancient historical names of Tallinn in Finnish include Rääveli. History[edit]

Le Premier ministre sortant Andrus Ansip remporte un large succès aux élections législatives estoniennes 07/03/2011 - Résultats Comme prévu par toutes les enquêtes d'opinion, le Parti de la réforme (ER) du Premier ministre Andrus Ansip est arrivé largement en tête des élections législatives le 6 mars en Estonie. Il a recueilli 28,6% des suffrages et remporté 33 sièges (+ 2 par rapport au précédent scrutin du 4 mars 2007). Il devance son allié au sein de la coalition gouvernementale, l'Union pour la patrie-Res Publica (IRL) de Mart Laar, qui a obtenu 20,5% des voix et 23 sièges (+ 4). "Je remercie tous ceux qui ont voté pour le Parti de la réforme. Agé de 54 ans, Andrus Ansip est originaire de Tartu, deuxième ville du pays. 5 mois après leurs voisins lettons qui, le 2 octobre dernier, ont reconduit leur Premier ministre sortant Valdis Dombrovskis (Nouvelle ère, JL) à la tête du pays, les Estoniens ont choisi la continuité en plaçant en tête les deux partis de la coalition gouvernementale sortante.

Baltic states The Baltic states (also known as the Baltics, Baltic nations or Baltic countries; Estonian: Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Latvian: Baltijas valstis, Lithuanian: Baltijos valstybės) are three northern European countries east of the Baltic Sea – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I. In the period between the World Wars, the Baltic states also included Finland.[2] While the indigenous populations of Latvia and Lithuania are known as Baltic peoples, those of Estonia (and Finland) are Finnic peoples. Linguistic and historical considerations intersect defining the concept of "Baltic states"; for example, while Latvian is phylogenetically related to Lithuanian (both belonging to the Baltic group of the Indo-european language family,) Estonian belongs to a completely different family – the Uralic languages. Features shared by the Baltic states[edit] Estonia and Latvia[edit] Latvia and Lithuania[edit] Territorial changes in 1700–1709

Cable Viewer Viewing cable 07TALLINN366, ESTONIA'S CYBER ATTACKS: WORLD'S FIRST VIRTUAL Understanding cables Every cable message consists of three parts: The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.The bottom box presents the body of the cable. Discussing cables If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 04 TALLINN 000366 SIPDIS SIPDIS DEPT FOR EUR/NB E.O. 12958: DECL: 06/04/2017 TAGS: PREL PGOV ECON ETRD NATO RS EN SUBJECT: ESTONIA'S CYBER ATTACKS: WORLD'S FIRST VIRTUAL ATTACK AGAINST NATION STATE REF: A) TALLINN 276 B) TALLINN 280 C) TALLINN 347 D) LEE-GOLDSTEIN EMAIL 05/11/07 Classified By: Ambassador S.

Latvia Latvia i/ˈlætviə/ (Latvian: Latvija) officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus and by a maritime border to the west with Sweden. Latvia has 2,003,000 inhabitants[5] and a territory of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi).[13] The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Latvia is a democratic parliamentary republic established in 1918. The Republic of Latvia was founded on 18 November 1918. Latvia is a member of NATO, European Union, United Nations, Council of Europe, CBSS, IMF, NB8, NIB, OSCE, WTO and OECD. Etymology[edit] The name Latvija is derived from the name of the ancient Latgalians, one of four Indo-European Baltic tribes (along with Couronians, Selonians and Semigallians), which formed the ethnic core of modern Latvians along with the Finnic Livonians.[18] History[edit] The Medieval period[edit] The Reformation period[edit] Declaration of Independence[edit]

L'Estonie, terre sainte du high-tech Symbole de l’intégration des nouvelles technologies de l’information dans le système public et éducatif, l’Estonie est le pays le plus orienté vers l’Internet. Accompagné par des initiatives publiques, des fonds privés et des aides étrangères, la république balte s’est bâtie un réseau faisant aujourd’hui modèle. En l’an 2400, les adeptes de Saint Isidore de Séville, patron vénéré des informaticiens, pourront écrire qu’en l’an de Grâce 2004, dans cette belle contrée balte, on pouvait payer sa place de parking via son téléphone portable. Le « saut du tigre » fait le bonheur de tous Mais revenons au présent. Le pays est particulièrement salué, avec le Canada, pour son utilisation des NTIC dans l’éducation. Voter par Internet dès 2005 La législation suit la même voie et le Parlement estonien a garanti l’accès à Internet comme un droit constitutionnel. Des raisons culturelles Comment s’expliquent ces spécificités estoniennes ? En savoir plus : Le site de la DREE sur l’Estonie

Riga Riga as seen on SPOT satellite imagery Riga (/ˈriːɡə/; Latvian: Rīga, pronounced [ˈriːɡa] ( )) is the capital and largest city of Latvia. Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member. Riga is a member of Eurocities,[8] the Union of the Baltic Cities (UBC)[9] and Union of Capitals of the European Union (UCEU).[10] Etymology[edit] History[edit] Left bank of the Daugava River Founding[edit] The river Daugava has been a trade route since antiquity, part of the Vikings' Dvina-Dnieper navigation route to Byzantium.[14] A sheltered natural harbour 15 km (9.3 mi) upriver from the mouth of the Daugava—the site of today's Riga—has been recorded, as Duna Urbs, as early as the 2nd century.[14] It was settled by the Livs, an ancient Finnic tribe.[11] Riga began to develop as a centre of Viking trade during the early Middle Ages.[14] Riga's inhabitants occupied themselves mainly with fishing, animal husbandry, and trading, later developing crafts (in bone, wood, amber, and iron).[14]

A blessing for the nati... JPost - Features - Insights & Features Located on the northeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, the Estonian capital Tallinn is best known for its old town, one of the most impressive and well-preserved in Europe. Now, as the city holds the title of 2011 European Capital of Culture – a designation bestowed by the European Union for one year, during which the winning city organizes thousands of cultural events – attention is turning to Estonia’s successful national restoration since the fall of the Soviet Union only 20 years ago. For Tallinn’s small Jewish population, which emerged from behind the Iron Curtain in disarray, the occasion also provides it an opportunity to display its own remarkable revival. Approximately 3,000 Jews live in Estonia, most of them Russian speaking and many still rediscovering their roots. In contrast to neighboring Latvia and Lithuania, Estonia was not a major point of settlement for Jews, whose population there never exceeded a few thousand. The community continues to expand in many areas.

Crimea Coordinates: Map of the Crimean Peninsula The Crimean Peninsula (Russian: Крымский полуостров, Ukrainian: Кримський півострів, Crimean Tatar: Qırım yarımadası), also known simply as Crimea, is a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost completely surrounded by water. The peninsula is located just south of the Ukrainian mainland and west of the Russian region of Kuban. It is surrounded by two seas: the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the east. Crimea and adjacent territories were united in the Crimean Khanate during the 15th to 18th century before falling to the Russian Empire and being organised as its Taurida Oblast in 1783. Sovereignty and control of the peninsula became the subject of the ongoing 2014 Crimean crisis, a territorial dispute between Russia and Ukraine. Name[edit] The classical name Tauris or Taurica is from the Greek Ταυρική, after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. History[edit] Geography[edit] Coastline[edit]

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