Personal digital assistant A personal digital assistant (PDA), also known as a palmtop computer, or personal data assistant,[1][2][3] is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager. PDAs are largely considered obsolete with the widespread adoption of smartphones.[4] Nearly all current PDAs have the ability to connect to the Internet. A PDA has an electronic visual display, enabling it to include a web browser, all current models also have audio capabilities enabling use as a portable media player, and also enabling most of them to be used as mobile phones. Most PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi or Wireless Wide Area Networks. Most PDAs employ touchscreen technology. The first PDA was released in 1984 by Psion, the Organizer II. The term PDA was first used on January 7, 1992 by Apple Computer CEO John Sculley at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, referring to the Apple Newton.[7] Typical features[edit] Touch screen[edit] Memory cards[edit] [edit]
Tablet computer iPad (1st generation), a tablet computer Conceptualized in the mid-20th century and prototyped and developed in the last two decades of that century, the devices became popular in 2010. As of March 2012[update], 31% of U.S. History[edit] The tablet computer and its associated operating system began with the development of pen computing.[10] Electrical devices with data input and output on a flat information display existed as early as 1888 with the telautograph,[11] which used a sheet of paper as display and a pen attached to electromechanical actuators. Fictional and prototype tablets[edit] The sci-fi TV series Star Trek The Next Generation featured tablet computers which were designated as "padds". In 1994 the European Union initiated the 'OMI-NewsPAD' project (EP9252), inspired by Clarke and Kubrick's fictional work.[17] Acorn Computers developed and delivered an ARM-based touch screen tablet computer for this program, branded the NewsPad. Early devices[edit] 2010 and afterwards[edit]
Networked Politics: Agency, Power, and Governance (Cornell Studies in Political Economy): Miles Kahler: 9780801474767: Amazon.com Laptop A modern Acer laptop A laptop combines the components and inputs as a desktop computer; including display, speakers, keyboard, and pointing device (such as a touchpad), into a single device. Most modern-day laptop computers also have a webcam and a mic (microphone) pre-installed. Portable computers, originally monochrome CRT-based and developed into the modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications such as the military, accountants and sales representatives. History[edit] Alan Kay with "Dynabook" prototype (5 November 2008 in Mountain View, California) As the personal computer (PC) became feasible in the 1971, the idea of a portable personal computer followed. The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP), was demonstrated in 1973. The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.[5] Classification[edit] Desktop replacement[edit]
Networked Politics Supercomputer The Blue Gene/P supercomputer at Argonne National Lab runs over 250,000 processors using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 72 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed optical network[1] A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of contemporary processing capacity – particularly speed of calculation which can happen at speeds of nanoseconds. The use of multi-core processors combined with centralization is an emerging trend; one can think of this as a small cluster (the multicore processor in a smartphone, tablet, laptop, etc.) that both depends upon and contributes to the cloud.[6][7] History[edit] The CDC 6600, released in 1964, was designed by Cray to be the fastest in the world by a large margin. While the supercomputers of the 1980s used only a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear both in the United States and in Japan, setting new computational performance records. Hardware and architecture[edit] Operating systems[edit]
To connect or not to connect? Dan Zack, Better! Cities & Towns Perhaps it is a natural territorial instinct to wall ourselves into a protected enclave. Much has been written about the late 20th Century phenomenon of gated developments, but that isn't the only time we block access in our neighborhoods. The lollipop cul-de-sac street patterns of many American suburbs are also meant to block; and sometimes older neighborhoods are retrofitted to block auto access, pedestrian access, or both. As a planner, I see this a lot, but I recently saw it in action in my own neighborhood. Our Parks and Recreation Department held a couple of neighborhood meetings to work on a new design for the reconstruction of this park. Why We Block Why is this done? • Fear of Traffic. • Fear of On-Street Parking Jams. • Fear of Crime. The Problem With Blocking While I understand these fears, disconnectedness is not the answer. • Dangerous Dead Ends. • No Eyes on the Street. • Slower Emergency Response Time. • More traffic fatalities.
Desktop computer A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended for regular use at a single location desk/table due to its size and power requirements, as opposed to a laptop whose rechargeable battery and compact dimensions allow it to be regularly carried and used in different locations. The most common configuration is a computer monitor, keyboard and mouse, and a case that houses the main components of the PC, namely the power supply, motherboard, hard drive, optical drive, and previously the floppy drive. The form factor of the case is typically an upright tower or (horizontal) desktop. All-in-one computers, that integrate the monitor and main PC components in one unit, are often categorized under the desktop computer umbrella, particularly if they require an external power source and separate keyboard/mouse. The desktop category has also encompassed home computers and workstations. History[edit] Origins[edit] Growth and development[edit] Decline[edit] All-in-one[edit] See also[edit]
Functional contextualism Functional contextualism is a modern philosophy of science rooted in philosophical pragmatism and contextualism. It is most actively developed in behavioral science in general and the field of behavior analysis in particular. Functional contextualism serves as the basis of a theory of language known as relational frame theory[1] and its most prominent application, acceptance and commitment therapy.[2] It can be viewed as an extension and contextualistic interpretation of B.F. Skinner's radical behaviorism, and emphasizes the importance of predicting and influencing psychological events (including thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) by focusing on manipulable variables in their context. Contextualism[edit] The form of contextualism from which functional contextualism emerged is the one described by the philosopher Stephen C. The root metaphor of contextualism is the "act in context," whereby any event is interpreted as an ongoing act inseparable from its current and historical context.
Mainframe computer The term originally referred to the large cabinets called "main frames" that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers.[2][3] Later, the term was used to distinguish high-end commercial machines from less powerful units.[4] Most large-scale computer system architectures were established in the 1960s, but continue to evolve. Description[edit] Modern mainframe design is generally less defined by single-task computational speed (typically defined as MIPS rate or FLOPS in the case of floating point calculations), and more by: Redundant internal engineering resulting in high reliability and securityExtensive input-output facilities with the ability to offload to separate enginesStrict backward compatibility with older softwareHigh hardware and computational utilization rates through virtualization to support massive throughput Their high stability and reliability enables these machines to run uninterrupted for decades. Characteristics[edit] Market[edit] History[edit]
Situated cognition Situated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing[1] by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts.[2] Under this assumption, which requires an epistemological shift from empiricism, situativity theorists suggest a model of knowledge and learning that requires thinking on the fly rather than the storage and retrieval of conceptual knowledge. In essence, cognition cannot be separated from the context. History[edit] While situated cognition gained recognition in the field of educational psychology in the late twentieth century,[3] it shares many principles with older fields such as critical theory, (Frankfurt School, 1930; Freire, 1968) anthropology (Jean Lave & Wenger, 1991), philosophy (Martin Heidegger, 1968), critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1989), and sociolinguistics theories (Bhaktin, 1981) that rejected the notion of truly objective knowledge and the principles of Kantian empiricism. J.
Web 3.0 Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il Web 3.0 è un termine a cui corrispondono significati diversi volti a descrivere l'evoluzione dell'utilizzo del Web e l'interazione fra gli innumerevoli percorsi evolutivi possibili. Questi includono: Storia[modifica | modifica sorgente] Il termine Web 3.0 è apparso per la prima volta agli inizi del 2006 in un articolo di Jeffrey Zeldman critico verso il Web 2.0 e le sue tecnologie associate come AJAX. Nel maggio 2006, Tim Berners-Lee[1] affermava: Durante il Technet Summit nel novembre 2006, Jerry Yang, fondatore e presidente di Yahoo! Allo stesso Technet Summit, Reed Hastings, fondatore e CEO di Netflix, riassumeva in una semplice formula la definizione delle diverse fasi del web: Il termine Web 3.0 è diventata una materia di crescente interesse e dibattito a partire dalla fine del 2006 sino a 2007. Innovazioni associate con il Web 3.0[modifica | modifica sorgente] Applicazioni Web-based e desktop[modifica | modifica sorgente]
Conversations on Science, Culture, and Time: Michel Serres with Bruno LaTour - Professor Michel Serres, Bruno Latour