Cell Size and Scale
Some cells are visible to the unaided eye The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see are about 0.1 mm long. That means that under the right conditions, you might be able to see an amoeba proteus, a human egg, and a paramecium without using magnification. A magnifying glass can help you to see them more clearly, but they will still look tiny. Smaller cells are easily visible under a light microscope. To see anything smaller than 500 nm, you will need an electron microscope. Adenine The label on the nucleotide is not quite accurate. How can an X chromosome be nearly as big as the head of the sperm cell? No, this isn't a mistake. The X chromosome is shown here in a condensed state, as it would appear in a cell that's going through mitosis. A chromosome is made up of genetic material (one long piece of DNA) wrapped around structural support proteins (histones). Carbon The size of the carbon atom is based on its van der Waals radius.
Cell Models: An Interactive Animation
Nucleolus: The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis. Cytosol: The cytosol is the "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs. Though mostly water, the cytosol is full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors. Cytoplasm: This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol. Centrosome: The centrosome, or MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC), is an area in the cell where microtubules are produced. During animal cell division, the centrioles replicate (make new copies) and the centrosome divides. Centriole (animal cells only): Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules.
Microorganisms
Let's study the wee ones of the world known as the microbes or the microorganisms. If you spend your life studying them, you would be a microbiologist. These are the smallest of the small and the simplest of the simple. What makes a microbe? It took one invention to change the way we see the world of microbes - the microscope. We'll give the big overview on the variety of microorganisms here. They can be heterotrophic or autotrophic. They can be solitary or colonial. They can reproduce sexually or asexually.
In the face of climate change and food insecurity, New Zealand considers lab-grown fruit | New Zealand
In the face of growing food security concerns due to climate change, scientists in New Zealand are attempting to grow fruit tissue in labs. While work on lab-grown meat has made headlines in recent years, similar work on fruit is less common. Scientists at Plant & Food Research in the southern city of Christchurch are aiming to change that by growing fruit tissue from plant cells that they hope will one day taste, smell and feel like real fruit. “Here in New Zealand, we’re good at growing conventional horticultural crops,” said Dr Ben Schon, the lead scientist for the Food by Design program at the government-backed Plant & Food Research, “but looking into the future, there’s a lot of change coming in the world with population growth, increasing urbanisation and climate change.” The program aims to grow fruit tissue without the parts that are usually discarded like the core of the apple or the rind of an orange. The technology could also offset the food lost in weather events.
Quienes somos, de dónde venimos, adónde vamos...
La selección natural es un concepto clave para entender lo que somos, de dónde venimos y adónde vamos. Esas preguntas últimas que tanto atormentaron a los grandes pensadores de antaño, Platón, Aristóteles, Sócrates y compañía, pueden tener respuesta si entendemos profundamente el concepto de la selección natural. El principal problema para entender la selección natural (al igual que “la vida”) es que esta es un proceso, no un suceso. La selección natural no es algo que se pueda acotar, ocurre desde siempre y para siempre. Cuando alguien habla de selección natural, o la menciona en una conversación habitual, esta suele ir acompañado de la idea o frase de “la supervivencia de los más fuertes”; y si se añade la palabra evolución se asocia a la idea o frase de “búsqueda de la perfección”. Para que haya selección de unos y otros tiene que haber diferencias entre ellos, pero ¿cómo surge esa diferencia? La frase tiene 29 caracteres con espacios. MWR SWTNirXMI.CDLEUBXTQHNZVJQI'"
Plants
If you're not a microbe and you're not an animal, you are probably a plant. There are about 300 thousand known species of plants. Because plants adapt so well to almost any climate, scientists needed a way to organize the hundreds of thousands of species. In the same way there is a system of classification for animals, there is also a system of classification for plants. There are two big biochemical processes on Earth: Photosynthesis and Respiration. Plants also have cell walls that are made of cellulose. Not only do you see plants everywhere in the real world, but they are also all over the scientific world. On a non-scientific level, farmers have been observing plants for thousands of years. National Botanic Garden (US Capitol Video)
Science Projects: Animals and Zoology - Education Bug
This article has information and ideas for science projects involving animals and zoology for elementary students, middle school, and high school students. Consider these animal and zoology projects for your next science fair. Science projects can assist in getting learning out of the classroom and getting the student beyond the textbook. This set of projects focuses on animals and zoology. It may be helpful to consider these projects as jumping off points that you can modify for curricular reasons of to better suit your child’s development or interests. Projects listed for one grade range can be adapted for another, or repeated with the criteria or description changed to suit the child’s new skills and understanding. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Grade Tips: Practicing observation skills and using simple measuring devices are typical approaches for elementary science projects. Go to a zoo, aquarium, garden, park, or preserve. 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Grade 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Grade
Cell Function
All cells have a purpose. If they don't do anything productive, they are not needed anymore. In the big picture, a cell's purpose is much more important than acting as small organizational pieces. They had their purpose long before they started working together in groups and building more advanced organisms. When alone, a cell's main purpose is to survive. Even if you were a single cell, you would have a purpose. In the same way that cells survive in different ways; all cells have different types and amounts of organelles. While they might have a purpose, more advanced cells have a difficult time surviving on their own.
