Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern Word-Gaudium et Spes 1. The joys and the hopes, the griefs and the anxieties of the men of this age, especially those who are poor or in any way afflicted, these are the joys and hopes, the griefs and anxieties of the followers of Christ. Indeed, nothing genuinely human fails to raise an echo in their hearts. 2. Therefore, the council focuses its attention on the world of men, the whole human family along with the sum of those realities in the midst of which it lives; that world which is the theater of man's history, and the heir of his energies, his tragedies and his triumphs; that world which the Christian sees as created and sustained by its Maker's love, fallen indeed into the bondage of sin, yet emancipated now by Christ, Who was crucified and rose again to break the strangle hold of personified evil, so that the world might be fashioned anew according to God's design and reach its fulfillment. 3. 4. Today, the human race is involved in a new stage of history. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
The Flemish Republic - Friends of Flemish Independence Secular humanism The philosophy or life stance of secular humanism (alternatively known by some adherents as Humanism, specifically with a capital H to distinguish it from other forms of humanism) embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.[1][2][3][4] The International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) is the world union of more than one hundred Humanist, rationalist, irreligious, atheistic, Bright, secular, Ethical Culture, and freethought organizations in more than 40 countries. The "Happy Human" is the official symbol of the IHEU as well as being regarded as a universally recognised symbol for those who call themselves Humanists. Secular humanist organizations are found in all parts of the world. Terminology[edit] History[edit] Secularism[edit] The modern secular movement coalesced around Holyoake, Charles Bradlaugh and their intellectual circle.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century Europe. His first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. In this work, Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and arts has caused the corruption of virtue and morality. This discourse won Rousseau fame and recognition, and it laid much of the philosophical groundwork for a second, longer work, The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. The second discourse did not win the Academy’s prize, but like the first, it was widely read and further solidified Rousseau’s place as a significant intellectual figure. Rousseau greatly influenced Immanuel Kant’s work on ethics. Table of Contents 1. a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born to Isaac Rousseau and Suzanne Bernard in Geneva on June 28, 1712. In 1742 Rousseau went to Paris to become a musician and composer. b. 2.
WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources An Atheist Manifesto Update: (2/08/2006 1:35 p.m. EST) Read Sam Harris’ additional arguments about The Reality of Islam Editor’s Note: At a time when fundamentalist religion has an unparalleled influence in the highest government levels in the United States, and religion-based terror dominates the world stage, Sam Harris argues that progressive tolerance of faith-based unreason is as great a menace as religion itself. Harris, a philosophy graduate of Stanford who has studied eastern and western religions, won the 2005 PEN Award for nonfiction for The End of Faith, which powerfully examines and explodes the absurdities of organized religion. An Atheist Manifesto Somewhere in the world a man has abducted a little girl. No. The entirety of atheism is contained in this response. It is worth noting that no one ever needs to identify himself as a non-astrologer or a non-alchemist. We live in a world where all things, good and bad, are finally destroyed by change. Continued: The Nature of Belief
Moral relativism - Wikipedia Philosophical positions about the differences in moral judgments across peoples and cultures Moral relativism or ethical relativism (often reformulated as relativist ethics or relativist morality) is used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often referred to as a relativist for short. Descriptive moral relativism holds only that people do, in fact, disagree fundamentally about what is moral, with no judgment being expressed on the desirability of this. American philosopher Richard Rorty in particular has argued that the label of being a "relativist" has become warped and turned into a sort of pejorative. Moral relativism has been debated for thousands of years across a variety of contexts during the history of civilization. Variations[edit] Descriptive[edit] [edit] Normative[edit] History[edit] [edit] Scientific[edit] Morality and evolution[edit] Literary[edit] R.
Money in Politics -- See Who's Giving & Who's Getting Why Atheism? Just about everyone is an atheist when it comes to other gods — the gods that other people believe in or that nobody believes in anymore. I’m an atheist about all gods because there's no reliable evidence for any god, or even for Jesus. There is also extensive evidence that Jesus and all gods are fictional characters — myths created mainly by people who had little understanding of how our universe operates. We all like myths and other stories, but we don't have to believe them. Let’s start with a quick experiment. You can grab three coins and actually do the experiment, or just do a thought experiment. Drop one coin and watch it fall. If you were to the release third coin, what do you think would happen? Our understanding of the world around us, and our abilities to predict what will happen are based on naturalism — the basis of science. To be explicit, modern science relies on methodological naturalism. In “Cosmos” Neil deGrasse Tyson explained the basic rules of science. Dr. Embryology
Foundational Norms for Christian Ethics | Catholic Culture by Cardinal J. Francis Stafford, D.D. Description Discusses the secular and Christian visions of man and how they differ, shows that Christ is the norm for ethics. Larger Work The Catholic Faith Publisher & Date The Catholic Faith, July/August 1996 The Secular Vision Of Man Many models of ethics today present a minimalist approach to human conduct. For the secularist, morality is not dependent upon religion in any way. In such a view, people look for the best set of public and private rules and find them within the overriding value of tolerance. Such a position is being pressed unremittingly in the United States even when it leads to the bizarre. The Christian Vision Of Man The Gospel, in contrast, has an exalted view of the human person. The context for our moral activity is revealed in John's great Prologue, the Word who was with God in the beginning and "through whom all things have been made, and without him was not anything made that was made" Jesus Christ (John 1:3). "The Golden Rule" Sin
Critiques Of Libertarianism Established 10/25/94. Last updated 09/26/11. Welcome to the web site dedicated to critiquing libertarianism! Introductory features: A Non-Libertarian FAQ. A general introduction to discussion with libertarians, with an extensive discussion of arguments commonly used by libertarian evangelists. Unsolicited Praise for the Non-Libertarian FAQ. Criticisms of the Non-Libertarian FAQ. Marxism of the Right Robert Locke's The American Conservative article is the best, simplest, clearest indictment of libertarianism found for this site. Libertarianism in One Lesson. Mike Huben's guide to becoming a libertarian. Libertarianism in One Lesson; The Second Lesson. Why is there a second lesson when the title says one lesson? So You Want To Discuss Libertarianism.... Brief, basic ideas about how to discuss libertarianism meaningfully. Quotations relevant to libertarianism. You've seen the quotes the libertarians select. Topical issues: NEW 5/10: Cato Scholar Scolds Rand Paul, Gives OK to Soup Nazi Gun Control.
Paul Kurtz Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Paul Kurtz (21 de dezembro de 1925 – 20 de outubro de 2012[2] [3] [4] ) foi um cético e humanista secular. Ele foi chamado de "o Pai do humanismo secular".[5] Ele foi professor emérito de filosofia na Universidade Buffalo, tendo anteriormente ensinado em Vassar, Trinity, e no Union colleges, além da New School for Social Research. Kurtz fundou a editora Prometheus Books em 1969. Ele também foi o fundador e presidente do Comitê para a Investigação Cética, o Council for Secular Humanism, e o Center for Inquiry. Ele foi vice-presidente da International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) de 1986 a 1994.[6] Ele era um membro da American Association for the Advancement of Science, Humanista premiado, presidente da International Academy of Humanism e Membro Honorário da Rationalist International. Paul Kurtz publicou mais de 800 artigos ou comentários e escreveu e publicou mais de 50 livros. Biografia[editar | editar código-fonte] Ele escreveu:
United Nations Declaration on Torture (1975) Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Adopted by General Assembly resolution 3452 (XXX) of 9 December 1975 Article 1 1. 2. Article 2 Any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is an offence to human dignity and shall be condemned as a denial of the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 3 No State may permit or tolerate torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 4 Each State shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Declaration, take effective measures to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment from being practised within its jurisdiction. Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 11 Article 12