Santé | Jeunes et minces? Les maths contre la retouche photo Des chercheurs du Dartmouth College ont mis au point un algorithme capable de déterminer quand une photo a été retouchée hors de proportion par des outils comme Photoshop, un procédé abondamment utilisé dans les photos de mode et dans les magazines de célébrités et dénoncé par les spécialistes en santé publique. Le logiciel mis au point par Hani Farid, décrit dans une publication dans les Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, permettrait de quantifier la retouche effectuée sur une photo, et donc de déterminer objectivement à partir de quand on exagère. Cet outil pourrait permettre de lutter plus facilement contre ces images dont on sait qu’elles nuisent à la bonne santé et à l’estime de soi de ceux et celles qui les regardent. Sur son site, le chercheur donne en exemple quelques images avant/après analysées par son logiciel. Cliquez sur «Toggle» pour voir la transformation. Hallucinant! (mesdames, si vous craquez pour le beau George Clooney, vous risquez d’avoir tout un choc.
On Truth & Reality: Philosophy Physics Metaphysics of Space, Wave Structure of Matter. Famous Science Art Quotes. Sorites paradox The change in size between consecutive "big" heaps (left) is twice that of the change between consecutive "little" heaps (right), yet seems less significant. The original formulation and variations[edit] Paradox of the heap[edit] The word "sorites" derives from the Greek word for heap.[5] The paradox is so named because of its original characterization, attributed to Eubulides of Miletus.[6] The paradox goes as follows: consider a heap of sand from which grains are individually removed. 7006100000000000000♠1000000 grains of sand is a heap of sand (Premise 1) A heap of sand minus one grain is still a heap. Repeated applications of Premise 2 (each time starting with one fewer grain) eventually forces one to accept the conclusion that a heap may be composed of just one grain of sand (and consequently, if one grain of sand is still a heap, then removing that one grain of sand to leave no grains at all still leaves a heap of sand; indeed a negative number of grains must also form a heap[7]). .
Ulam spiral Ulam spiral of size 200×200. Black dots represent prime numbers. Diagonal, vertical, and horizontal lines with a high density of prime numbers are clearly visible. The Ulam spiral, or prime spiral (in other languages also called the Ulam Cloth) is a simple method of visualizing the prime numbers that reveals the apparent tendency of certain quadratic polynomials to generate unusually large numbers of primes. In an addendum to the Scientific American column, Gardner mentions work of the herpetologist Laurence M. Construction[edit] Ulam constructed the spiral by writing down a regular rectangular grid of numbers, starting with 1 at the center, and spiraling out: He then circled all of the prime numbers and he got the following picture: To his surprise, the circled numbers tended to line up along diagonal lines. All prime numbers, except for the number 2, are odd numbers. Hardy and Littlewood's Conjecture F[edit] where A depends on a, b, and c but not on n. is an odd prime not dividing a.
The problem of evil, as described circa 300 B.C. In about 300 B.C., Epicurus eloquently summed up the problem of the existence of evil. It has come to be known as the Riddle of Epicurus or the Epicurean paradox. It was translated by David Hume in the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion: If God is willing to prevent evil, but is not able to Then He is not omnipotent.If He is able, but not willing Then He is malevolent.If He is both able and willing Then whence cometh evil? Tags: Epicurus, problem of evil Category: Good and Evil, Quotes About the Author (Author Profile) Erich Vieth is an attorney focusing on consumer law litigation and appellate practice. What is Occam's Razor? [Physics FAQ] - [Copyright] Updated 1997 by Sugihara Hiroshi. Original by Phil Gibbs 1996. Occam's (or Ockham's) razor is a principle attributed to the 14th century logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. Ockham was the village in the English county of Surrey where he was born. The principle states that "Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily." "Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate" "Frustra fit per plura quod potest fieri per pauciora" "Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem" In fact, only the first two of these forms appear in his surviving works and the third was written by a later scholar. Many scientists have adopted or reinvented Occam's Razor, as in Leibniz's "identity of observables" and Isaac Newton stated the rule: "We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances." In physics we use the razor to shave away metaphysical concepts. References: W. W.
High School Mathematics Extensions/Discrete Probability Introduction[edit] Probability theory is one of the most widely applicable mathematical theories. It deals with uncertainty and teaches you how to manage it. It is simply one of the most useful theories you will ever learn. Please do not misunderstand: We are not learning to predict things; rather, we learn to utilise predicted chances and make them useful. As suggested above, a probability is a percentage, and it's between 0% and 100% (inclusive). Application[edit] You might ask why we are even studying probability. Consider the following gambling game: Toss a coin; if it's heads, I give you $1; if it's tails, you give me $2. Another real-life example: I observed one day that there are dark clouds outside. In real life, probability theory is heavily used in risk analysis by economists, businesses, insurance companies, governments, etc. Why discrete probability? There are two kinds of probability: discrete and continuous. Event and Probability[edit] P(it will rain tomorrow) = 0.6 1. 2. 3. or
Presocratic Philosophy The Origins of Western Thought Philosophical Thinking Philosophy as a discipline isn't easy to define precisely. Issuing from a sense of wonderment about life and the world, it often involves a keen interest in major questions about ourselves, our experience, and our place in the universe as a whole. Thus, philosophy must be regarded both as content and as activity: It considers alternative views of what is real and the development of reasons for accepting them. Since our personal growth in these matters naturally retraces the process of cultural development, study of the history of philosophy in our culture provides an excellent introduction to the discipline as a whole. Greek Philosophy Abstract thought about the ultimate nature of the world and of human life began to appear in cultures all over the world during the sixth century B.C.E., as an urge to move beyond superstition toward explanation. Milesian Speculation Pythagorean Life Heraclitus and the Eleatics Empedocles and Anaxagoras
Psychological ("personality") Types Psychological ("personality") Types According to Jung's theory of Psychological Types we are all different in fundamental ways. One's ability to process different information is limited by their particular type. These types are sixteen. People can be either Extroverts or Introverts, depending on the direction of their activity ; Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, Intuitive, according to their own information pathways; Judging or Perceiving, depending on the method in which they process received information. Extroverts vs. Extroverts are directed towards the objective world whereas Introverts are directed towards the subjective world. Sensing vs. Sensing is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its physical qualities and its affection by other information. Thinking vs. Thinking is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its structure and its function. Perceiving vs. Perceiving types are motivated into activity by the changes in a situation. ENTp , ISFp , ESFj , INTj , ENFj