Metadata

Métadonnée Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Un exemple type est d'associer à une donnée la date à laquelle elle a été produite ou enregistrée, ou à une photo les coordonnées GPS du lieu où elle a été prise. Historique[modifier | modifier le code] Tous les établissements qui ont à gérer de l'information, bibliothèques, archives ou médiathèques ont déjà une longue pratique dans la codification du signalement ou des contenus des documents qu'ils manipulent. Ces descriptions ont ensuite été informatisées sous la forme de notices bibliographiques et normalisées (voir par exemple les formats MARC en 1964 utilisant la norme ISO 2709 dont la conception a démarré en 1960). Les bibliothèques numériques ont eu recours aux mêmes dispositifs pour gérer et localiser des documents électroniques. Le terme métadonnée (en anglais : metadata) est apparu dans le cadre de la description de ressources sur Internet dans les années 1990 et s'est ensuite généralisé. Généralisation[modifier | modifier le code]

Intranet An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is used in contrast to extranet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology infrastructure, and may be composed of multiple local area networks. The objective is to organize each individual's desktop with minimal cost, time and effort to be more productive, cost efficient, timely, and competitive. An intranet may host multiple private websites and constitute an important component and focal point of internal communication and collaboration. An intranet can be understood as a private analog of the Internet, or as a private extension of the Internet confined to an organization. Intranets are sometimes contrasted to extranets.

Sistema de gestión de bases de datos Un sistema de gestión de bases de datos (SGBD) es un conjunto de programas que permiten el almacenamiento, modificación y extracción de la información en una base de datos, además de proporcionar herramientas para añadir, borrar, modificar y analizar los datos. Los usuarios pueden acceder a la información usando herramientas específicas de interrogación y de generación de informes, o bien mediante aplicaciones al efecto Los SGBD también proporcionan métodos para mantener la integridad de los datos, para administrar el acceso de usuarios a los datos y para recuperar la información si el sistema se corrompe. Permite presentar la información de la base de datos en variados formatos. La mayoría de los SGBD incluyen un generador de informes. Hay muchos tipos de SGBD distintos según manejen los datos y muchos tamaños distintos según funcionen sobre ordenadores personales y con poca memoria a grandes sistemas que funcionan en mainframes con sistemas de almacenamiento especiales. [editar]

The Fastest Way to Get Clarity about Your Future Have you had this experience? You’re traveling in a new city, using your GPS to find your destination. But the route doesn’t seem to match reality. Suddenly, you’re in a strange place with cars buzzing by and no clarity about where to turn next. Courtesy of iStock/vonshots How do you get where you want to go? Every leader faces this at one time or another. So how can we find the clarity we need? I recently went through a period when I was second-guessing my brand direction and my entire mission. What did I do to find my footing? Admit I am confused. This last steps is incredibly liberating. This is something I teach in 5 Days to Your Best Year Ever. Once you’ve worked through the first four steps, don’t stall. We all find ourselves on the lost on the roadside from time to time or moving with only a vague sense of where we’re going. or upgrade to a self-hosted WordPress blog?

Wiki Type of website that visitors can edit A wiki ( WIK-ee) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base. Wikis are enabled by wiki software, otherwise known as wiki engines. The online encyclopedia project, Wikipedia, is the most popular wiki-based website, and is one of the most widely viewed sites in the world, having been ranked in the top twenty since 2007.[3] Wikipedia is not a single wiki but rather a collection of hundreds of wikis, with each one pertaining to a specific language. Characteristics In their book The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web, Ward Cunningham and co-author Bo Leuf described the essence of the Wiki concept:[8][9][page needed] Editing Source editing Layout consistency Basic syntax Visual editing

Ontologie (informatique) Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Par analogie, le terme est repris en informatique et en science de l'information, où une ontologie est l'ensemble structuré des termes et concepts représentant le sens d'un champ d'informations, que ce soit par les métadonnées d'un espace de noms, ou les éléments d'un domaine de connaissances. L'ontologie constitue en soi un modèle de données représentatif d'un ensemble de concepts dans un domaine, ainsi que des relations entre ces concepts. Elle est employée pour raisonner à propos des objets du domaine concerné. Plus simplement, on peut aussi dire que l' « ontologie est aux données ce que la grammaire est au langage ». L'objectif premier d'une ontologie est de modéliser un ensemble de connaissances dans un domaine donné, qui peut être réel ou imaginaire. Les ontologies informatiques sont des outils qui permettent précisément de représenter un corpus de connaissances sous une forme utilisable par un ordinateur. Notes

Proprietary software Proprietary software or closed source software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder with the intent that the licensee is given the right to use the software only under certain conditions, and restricted from other uses, such as modification, sharing, studying, redistribution, or reverse engineering.[1][2] Usually the source code of proprietary software is not made available. Complementary terms include free software,[2][3] licensed by the owner under more permissive terms, and public domain software, which is not subject to copyright and can be used for any purpose. Proponents of free and open source software use proprietary or non-free to describe software that is not free or open source.[4][5] A related but distinct categorization in the software industry is commercial software, which refers to software produced for sale but not necessarily closed source. Software becoming proprietary[edit] Legal basis[edit] Limitations[edit] Similar terms[edit]

Database Management System: Basics Off-Ramps: Or Why A Little Clarity Goes a Long Way Imagine you’re a college student asked to participate in a study about a college food drive. Here’s how it works: You’re asked to nominate two groups of peers — those “least likely” to contribute to the food drive and those “most likely” to do so. [1] Researchers, then, divide each group in half. They send half of the least likely group and half of the most likely group a letter. The letter addresses the students by name, asks them to donate a specific type of food, and includes a map showing where they can donate it. A few days later, researchers give these students a courtesy call to remind them. The other half of each group — again, half of the least likely group and half of the most likely — receive a different letter. Researchers address it “Dear Student” rather than use the individual’s name. These students don’t receive a courtesy call, either. Which do you think is more important — the inherent qualities of the students or the content of the letters? Here’s what actually happened: Why?