Nomenclature Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.[1] The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the internationally-agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist terms used in scientific and other disciplines. Onomastics, the study of proper names and their origins, includes: anthroponymy, concerned with human names, including personal names, surnames and nicknames; toponymy the study of place names; and etymology, the derivation, history and use of names as revealed through comparative and descriptive linguistics. The scientific need for simple, stable and internationally-accepted systems for naming objects of the natural world has generated many formal nomenclatural systems. Definition & criteria[edit] Nomenclature is a system of words used in particular discipline. Etymology[edit] Onomastics and nomenclature[edit]
Ethics The three major areas of study within ethics are:[1] Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determinedNormative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of actionApplied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action[1] Defining ethics[edit] The word "ethics" in English refers to several things.[6] It can refer to philosophical ethics—a project that attempts to use reason in order to answer various kinds of ethical questions. [edit] Main article: Meta-ethics Meta-ethics asks how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong.[8] An ethical question fixed on some particular practical question—such as, "Should I eat this particular piece of chocolate cake?" Meta-ethics has always accompanied philosophical ethics. Normative ethics[edit] Virtue ethics[edit]
Conflict between good and evil Theme in lterature, religion and philosophy The conflict between good and evil is one of the most common conventional themes in literature, and is sometimes considered to be a universal part of the human condition.[1]. There are several variations on this conflict, one being the battle between individuals or ideologies, with one side held up as Good, while the other is portrayed as Evil. Another variation is the inner struggle in characters (and by extension, humans in reality) between good and evil. Classical tragedy[edit] The form of tragedy described as best by Aristotle and exemplified by Oedipus Rex is, properly, concerned more with the tragic operations of fate than with a thematized conflict between good and evil. Jesus, the central figure of Christianity, is commonly associated as the ultimate good - opposite Satan, the personification of evil. Jewish and Christian literature[edit] The inner evil conflict[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
Pandora According to the myth, Pandora opened a jar (pithos), in modern accounts sometimes mistranslated as "Pandora's box" (see below), releasing all the evils of humanity—although the particular evils, aside from plagues and diseases, are not specified in detail by Hesiod—leaving only Hope inside once she had closed it again.[6] The Pandora myth is a kind of theodicy, addressing the question of why there is evil in the world. Hesiod[edit] Hesiod, both in his Theogony (briefly, without naming Pandora outright, line 570) and in Works and Days, gives the earliest version of the Pandora story. Theogony[edit] The Pandora myth first appears in lines 560–612 of Hesiod's poem in epic meter, the Theogony (ca. 8th–7th centuries BC), without ever giving the woman a name. From her is the race of women and female kind: of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmates in hateful poverty, but only in wealth. Works and Days[edit] Homer[edit] Notes[edit]
Opinion Judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive An opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive, rather than facts, which are true statements. Definition[edit] A given opinion may deal with subjective matters in which there is no conclusive finding, or it may deal with facts which are sought to be disputed by the logical fallacy that one is entitled to their opinions. Distinguishing fact from opinion is that facts are verifiable, i.e. can be agreed to by the consensus of experts. Different people may draw opposing conclusions (opinions) even if they agree on the same set of facts. Though not hard fact, collective opinions or professional opinions are defined as meeting a higher standard to substantiate the opinion. Collective and professional opinions[edit] Public opinion[edit] Group opinion[edit] Scientific opinion[edit] Legal opinion[edit] Judicial opinion[edit] Reasoned opinion[edit] Expert report[edit] See also[edit] Notes[edit] External links[edit]
Karma Intent and actions of an individual influence the future of that individual Endless knot Endless knot on Nepalese temple prayer wheel Karma symbols such as the endless knot (above) are common cultural motifs in Asia. Endless knots symbolize interlinking of cause and effect, a karmic cycle that continues eternally. The endless knot is visible in the center of the prayer wheel. Karma (, from Sanskrit: कर्म, IPA: [ˈkɐɾmɐ] ; Pali: kamma) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences.[1] In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptively called the principle of karma, wherein individuals' intent and actions (cause) influence their future (effect):[2] Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and worse rebirths. Definition Principle of karma Causality Ethicization Rebirth Early development In Hinduism
German radio stations streaming live on the internet Stream types: requires a streaming MP3 player such as Winamp, iTunes, Foobar2000 or VLC Media player requires an Ogg Vorbis compatible player such as Winamp, Foobar2000 or VLC Media player requires an aacPlus player such as Winamp 5.08+, Foobar2000 or VLC Media player Intuition Ability to acquire knowledge, without conscious reasoning Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge, without recourse to conscious reasoning or needing an explanation.[2][3] Different fields use the word "intuition" in very different ways, including but not limited to: direct access to unconscious knowledge; unconscious cognition; gut feelings; inner sensing; inner insight to unconscious pattern-recognition; and the ability to understand something instinctively, without any need for conscious reasoning.[4][5] Intuitive knowledge tends to be approximate.[6] The word intuition comes from the Latin verb intueri translated as "consider" or from the late middle English word intuit, "to contemplate".[2][7] Use of intuition is sometimes referred to as responding to a "gut feeling" or "trusting your gut".[8] Psychology[edit] Freud[edit] According to Sigmund Freud, knowledge could only be attained through the intellectual manipulation of carefully made observations. Jung[edit] Philosophy[edit]
Good and evil Philosophical dichotomy In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology, "good and evil" is a very common dichotomy. In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.[1] In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving Śūnyatā meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality, emptying the duality of them, and achieving a oneness.[1] The modern philosophical questions regarding good and evil are subsumed into three major areas of study: metaethics concerning the nature of good and evil, normative ethics concerning how we ought to behave, and applied ethics concerning particular moral issues.[5] History and etymology[edit] Ancient world[edit] Classical world[edit] Medieval period[edit]
Sound 'The Cube', one of the world's largest, privately owned electroacoustic measurement facilities, is an empty room measuring, 12 x 12 x 13 meters. Starting from the technical drawings it is used in all stages of product development. Its enormous size makes it possible to measure acoustic response without reflections from walls, floor, or ceiling. 'The Cube' gives us the precision we need to measure a loudspeaker’s frequency, power and directivity responses. Accurate measurements alone aren't enough though. A 103 inch television is hoisted a meter high by a crane, then dropped. Welcome to 'The torture chamber', Bang & Olufsen's toughest test facility where products are put through stresses and strains far beyond standard limits. We inflict every conceivable hardship on our TV’s, speakers and remotes to prepare them for the toughest test of all - the home. While accurate measurements are crucial, at Bang & Olufsen the human is ear is the final judge.
Self-reflection Capacity of humans to exercise introspection Self-reflection is the ability to witness and evaluate one's own cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. In psychology, other terms used for this self-observation include 'reflective awareness', and 'reflective consciousness', which originate from the work of William James.[2][3] Self-reflection depends upon a range of functions, including introspection and metacognition, which develop from infancy through adolescence, affecting how individuals interact with others, and make decisions.[4] Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, and the philosophy of mind.[5] History[edit] Early writings[edit] Notions about the status of humanity may be revealed by the etymology of ancient words for humans. Classical antiquity[edit] Protagoras made the famous claim that humans are "the measure of all things; of what is, that it is; of what is not, that it is not". Middle Ages[edit] Renaissance[edit] Impact[edit]