Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory

Biographie de Martin Luther King Martin Luther King (1929 - 1968) biographie par Christian Delorme, Directeur de Publication d'Alternatives Non Violentes Martin Luther King est né à Atlanta, en Géorgie, le 15 janvier 1929. Sa mère, Alberta Williams, institutrice avant son mariage, était la fille d'Adam Daniel Williams, pasteur pendant dix-sept ans de l'Eglise baptiste Ebenezer et pionnier de la résistance aux discriminations raciales : membre de la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, il avait lutté pour obtenir un collège secondaire pour les Noirs et fait boycotter un journal raciste. Son père, Martin Luther King Senior, était également pasteur, et il succéda d'ailleurs dès 1931 à Adam Williams dans la responsabilité de la paroisse. Le milieu où le jeune Martin Luther King (Martin Luther King Junior) allait grandir était donc celui d'une bonne classe moyenne. De fait, le jeune homme fit des études brillantes. King possédait une solide érudition. Le boycott de Montgomery: L'action s'étend

F.W. de Klerk - Biography Frederik Willem de Klerk was born in Johannesburg on March 18, 1936. He is the son of Senator Jan de Klerk, a leading politician, who became minister in the South African government. His brother Willem is a liberal newspaperman and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. F.W. de Klerk graduated with a law degree from Potchefstroom University in 1958 and then practiced law in Vereeniging in the Transvaal. In 1969, he married Marike Willemse, with whom he has two sons and a daughter. De Klerk was offered a professorship of administrative law at Potchefstroom in 1972 but he declined the post because he had been elected to Parliament as National Party member for Vereeniging at the time. In 1978, F.W. de Klerk was appointed Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and Social Welfare and Pensions by Prime Minister Vorster. In his first speech after assuming the party leadership he called for a nonracist South Africa and for negotiations about the country's future. From Les Prix Nobel.

Mère Teresa de Calcutta (1910-1997), biographie Mère Teresa de Calcutta (1910-1997) “ Par mon sang, je suis albanaise. Par ma nationalité, indienne. Petite de stature, avec une foi solide comme le roc, Mère Teresa de Calcutta, se vit confier la mission de proclamer la soif infinie de l’amour de Dieu pour l’humanité, en particulier pour les plus pauvres des pauvres, “Dieu aime toujours le monde et Il nous envoie, vous et moi, pour être son amour et sa compassion auprès des pauvres.” Cette messagère lumineuse de l’amour de Dieu est née le 26 août 1910 à Skopje, une ville située aux croisements de l’histoire des Balkans. A l’âge de dix-huit ans, poussée par le désir de devenir missionnaire, Gonxha quitte sa maison en septembre 1928 pour rentrer à l’Institut de la Vierge Marie, connu sous le nom de Sœurs de Lorette, en Irlande. Le 10 septembre 1946, en route pour sa retraite annuelle à Darjeeling, Mère Teresa reçut dans le train son “inspiration”, son “appel dans l’appel”. Homélie du Pape Jean-Paul II

Abraham Lincoln Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it." Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. "I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois.

Rabindranath Tagore - Biography Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, which was a new religious sect in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads. He was educated at home; and although at seventeen he was sent to England for formal schooling, he did not finish his studies there. In his mature years, in addition to his many-sided literary activities, he managed the family estates, a project which brought him into close touch with common humanity and increased his interest in social reforms. Tagore had early success as a writer in his native Bengal. Although Tagore wrote successfully in all literary genres, he was first of all a poet. From Nobel Lectures, Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel.

Gandhi (1869 - 1948) - Une vie au service de la non-violence Après toute une vie consacrée à l'émancipation de l'Inde, Gandhi a eu la douleur de voir son pays se déchirer dans des guerres religieuses sanglantes entre hindous et musulmans. Lui-même hindou, il n'a cessé de plaider pour la réconciliation des deux communautés, ce qui lui a valu d'être accusé de trahison par les fanatiques de sa communauté. Gandhi n'en figure pas moins au panthéon des plus grandes personnalités du XXe siècle. Gandhi démontre l'efficacité de la non-violence Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi naît le 2 octobre 1869 à Porbandar, dans une famille de riches commerçants du Gudjerat, au nord-ouest de l'Empire britannique des Indes. Affecté par des vexations racistes de la part des Blancs, comme de devoir descendre d'un compartiment de train de première classe, il s'érige en défenseur des immigrants indiens et forge une doctrine originale fondée sur la non-violence, la maîtrise de soi et le respect de la vérité (la «satyagraha»). Un héros indien «Quit India !» Cinéma

Abbé Raynal Former President Mandela’s condition remains unchanged: issued by the Presidency Former President Nelson Mandela's condition remains unchanged in hospital and doctors continue to do their best to ensure his recovery, well-being and comfort. President Zuma thanks the South African public for ongoing support and understanding. "We must support him and support his family. We must demonstrate our love and appreciation for his leadership during the struggle for liberation and in our first few years of freedom and democracy by living out his legacy and promoting unity, non-racialism, non-sexism and prosperity in our country," said President Zuma. Former President Mandela will turn 95 on the 18th of July. "We must all be planning what to do next month in marking our 67 minutes of doing good for humanity as called upon by Madiba to do so, when he launched the International Mandela Day campaign. President Zuma also urged that Madiba and his family be accorded the necessary sensitivity, dignity and privacy at this time.

Le mythe de Gandhi est l'une des plus grandes supercheries de l'histoire Le mahatma était un vilain petit vicelard mais le plus important c'est que sans sa doctrine absurde de la non-violence, l'Inde aurait pu se libérer sur le champ de la tutelle anglaise. Le mode de vie austère du Mahatma est aujourd’hui bien ancré dans l’imaginaire collectif de l’Inde comme du reste du monde. Il s’agissait pourtant d’une suprême supercherie politique. Son prétendu dénuement n’était qu’un mythe, fruit d’une grande opération de communication.