Social comparison theory Social comparison theory was initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954.[1] Social comparison theory is centered on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self. Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement,[2][3] introducing the concepts of downward and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons.[4] Initial framework[edit] In the initial theory, Festinger provided nine main hypotheses. Theoretical advances[edit] Since its inception, the initial framework has undergone several advances. Self-evaluation and self-enhancement[edit] Upward and downward social comparisons[edit] Competitiveness[edit] Social status[edit] Proximity to a standard[edit]
Warmer klimaat, koudere winters Zowel Europa als het oostelijke deel van de Verenigde Staten hebben er enkele strenge winters opzitten. En volgens experts wordt het ook deze winter bibberen. Boosdoener is vreemd genoeg de opwarming van de aarde. De afgelopen drie winters werden Noord-Amerika en grote delen van Europa geteisterd door hevige sneeuwstormen. In januari 2011 viel het openbare leven in New York en Philadelphia zo goed als stil door ongezien winterweer. Een jaar later bleef de wintertemperatuur in Alaska tien graden onder het gemiddelde. België en Nederland kregen het minder hard te verduren, maar ook onze drie voorbije winters waren eerder koud ten opzichte van de voorbije decennia. Volgens de Amerikaanse klimatoloog Charles Greene van Cornell University staan ons de komende jaren meer koude en extreme winters te wachten: ‘Dat klinkt nogal vreemd in het warmste decennium sinds de metingen 160 jaar geleden begonnen’, schrijft hij in het Amerikaanse blad Scientific American.
Kinetica Artfair - Lucia 3 LUCIA No.03 is an innovative kinetic device which invokes a unique visual experience in the viewer’s mind; an artwork created by the individuals’ brain. Controlled by patented hard and software, LUCIA No.03 uses a combination of flickering LEDs and constant light to stimulate the brains’ alpha waves and produce an optical experience, which is entirely unique to the viewer. Whilst sitting in front of the light, moving gently with eyes shut, the viewers’ mind automatically creates a series of images, taking them on their own personal visual journey. Developed by Dr. Art, Light, Brain and Mind. In these changing times LUCIA No.03 challenges traditional notions of what art is and its role in society.
Planet OpenBadges Michael Eysenck Michael William Eysenck (born 8 February 1944)[1] is a British academic psychologist, and is an emeritus professor in psychology at Royal Holloway, University of London. He also holds an appointment as Professorial Fellow at Roehampton University.[1] His research focuses on cognitive factors affecting anxiety. Eysenck has written and co-written many publications, including several textbooks. In the late 1990s, he developed the theory of the 'hedonic treadmill',[2] stating that humans are predisposed by genetics to plateau at a certain level of happiness, and that the occurrence of novel happy events merely elevates this level temporarily. He is the son of the noted psychologist Hans Jürgen Eysenck. Research interests[edit] Eysenck's research focuses mainly on cognitive factors associated with anxiety in normal and clinical populations. Specific interests: Cognitive factors in anxiety, including clinical anxiety and implications for therapy. Career history[edit] Portrait[edit]
Forest gardening History[edit] Forest gardens are probably the world's oldest form of land use and most resilient agroecosystem.[2][3] They originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions. In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Forest gardens are still common in the tropics and known by various names such as: home gardens in Kerala in South India, Nepal, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania; Kandyan forest gardens in Sri Lanka;[5] huertos familiares, the "family orchards" of Mexico; and pekarangan, the gardens of "complete design", in Java.[6] These are also called agroforests and, where the wood components are short-statured, the term shrub garden is employed. In tropical climates[edit] Americas[edit] Africa[edit] Nepal[edit] In temperate climates[edit] Robert Hart, forest gardening pioneer Permaculture[edit]
Mind Hacks Theory About the Theory Overview Meta-Theory: The Organismic Viewpoint Formal Theory: SDT’s 5 Mini-Theories Other Topics of Interest Applications References Overview People are centrally concerned with motivation -- how to move themselves or others to act. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) represents a broad framework for the study of human motivation and personality. The dynamics of psychological need support and need thwarting have been studied within families, classrooms, teams, organizations, clinics, and cultures using specific propositions detailed within SDT. Meta-Theory: The Organismic Viewpoint SDT is an organismic dialectical approach. Within SDT, the nutriments for healthy development and functioning are specified using the concept of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Formal Theory: SDT’s Five Mini-Theories Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET) concerns intrinsic motivation, motivation that is based on the satisfactions of behaving “for its own sake.”
Happiness economics Subject classifications[edit] The subject may be categorized in various ways, depending on specificity, intersection, and cross-classification. For example, within the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes, it has been categorized under: Welfare economics at JEL: D63 – Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement[1]Health, education, and welfare at JEL: I31 – General Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness[3]Demographic economics at JEL:J18 – Public Policy.[4] Metrology[edit] Given its very nature, reported happiness is subjective.[5] It is difficult to compare one person’s happiness with another's.[1] It can be especially difficult to compare happiness across cultures.[1] However, many happiness economists believe they have solved this comparison problem. Micro-econometric happiness equations have the standard form: .[1] In this equation is the reported well-being of individual at time , and Determinants[edit] Leisure[edit]
Diaspora (social network) The social network is not owned by any one person or entity, keeping it from being subject to corporate take-overs or advertising. In September 2011 the developers stated, "...our distributed design means no big corporation will ever control Diaspora. Diaspora* will never sell your social life to advertisers, and you won’t have to conform to someone’s arbitrary rules or look over your shoulder before you speak."[2] Diaspora software development is managed by the Diaspora Foundation, which is part of the Free Software Support Network (FSSN). The Diaspora social network is constructed of a network of nodes, or pods, hosted by many different individuals and institutions. Friendica instances are also a part of the Diaspora social network through the Friendica Diaspora connector.[7] Diaspora users retain ownership of their data and do not assign ownership rights. The Diaspora software allows user posts to be designated as either "public" or "limited".