Passive-aggressive behavior Passive-aggressive behavior is the indirect expression of hostility, such as through procrastination, sarcasm, hostile jokes, stubbornness, resentment, sullenness, or deliberate or repeated failure to accomplish requested tasks for which one is (often explicitly) responsible. For research purposes, the DSM-IV describes passive-aggressive personality disorder as a "pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations". Concept in different areas[edit] In psychology[edit] In psychology, passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a habitual pattern of passive resistance to expected work requirements, opposition, stubbornness, and negativistic attitudes in response to requirements for normal performance levels expected of others. Passive-aggressive may also refer to a person who refuses to acknowledge their own aggression (in the sense of "agency"), and who manages that denial by projecting it.
Borderline personality disorder The disorder is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Because a personality disorder is a pervasive, enduring, and inflexible pattern of maladaptive inner experiences and pathological behavior, there is a general reluctance to diagnose personality disorders before adolescence or early adulthood.[5] However, some emphasize that without early treatment the symptoms may worsen.[6] There is an ongoing debate about the terminology of this disorder, especially the suitability of the word "borderline".[7][8] The ICD-10 manual refers to the disorder as Emotionally unstable personality disorder and has similar diagnostic criteria. Signs and symptoms[edit] Symptoms include: Emotions[edit] While people with BPD feel joy intensely, they are especially prone to dysphoria, or feelings of mental and emotional distress. Behavior[edit] Self-harm and suicide[edit] Self-harming or suicidal behavior is one of the core diagnostic criteria in the DSM IV-TR. Sense of self[edit]
Mental illness in media Critique of media portrayal of mental illness Mental illnesses, also known as psychiatric disorders, are often inaccurately portrayed in the media. Films, television programs, books, magazines, and news programs often stereotype the mentally ill as being violent, unpredictable, or dangerous, unlike the great majority of those who experience mental illness.[1] As media is often the primary way people are exposed to mental illnesses, when portrayals are inaccurate, they further perpetuate stereotypes, stigma, and discriminatory behavior.[2] When the public stigmatizes the mentally ill,[3] people with mental illnesses become less likely to seek treatment or support for fear of being judged or rejected by the public.[4] However, with proper support, not only are most of those with psychiatric disorders able to function adequately in society, but many are able to work successfully and make substantial contributions to society.[5] History[edit] Film and television[edit] Portrayals in film[edit]
Portrait of an INFP As an INFP, your primary mode of living is focused internally, where you deal with things according to how you feel about them, or how they fit into your personal value system. Your secondary mode is external, where you take things in primarily via your intuition. INFPs, more than other iNtuitive Feeling types, are focused on making the world a better place for people. Their primary goal is to find out their meaning in life. INFPs are highly intuitive about people. Generally thoughtful and considerate, INFPs are good listeners and put people at ease. INFPs do not like conflict, and go to great lengths to avoid it. INFPs are flexible and laid-back, until one of their values is violated. When it comes to the mundane details of life maintenance, INFPs are typically completely unaware of such things. INFPs do not like to deal with hard facts and logic. INFPs have very high standards and are perfectionists. INFPs are usually talented writers. Check us out on Facebook Careers for INFP Growth
Dialectical behavior therapy Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a therapy designed to help people change patterns of behavior that are not effective, such as self-harm, suicidal thinking and substance abuse. This approach works towards helping people increase their emotional and cognitive regulation by learning about the triggers that lead to reactive states and helping to assess which coping skills to apply in the sequence of events, thoughts, feelings and behaviors that lead to the undesired behavior. DBT assumes that people are doing the best that they can, but either are lacking the skills or are influenced by positive or negative reinforcement that interfere with one’s functioning. DBT is a modified form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that was originally [timeframe?] developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and chronically suicidal individuals. Overview[edit] Four modules[edit] Mindfulness[edit] Observe
Misophonia Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds Medical condition Misophonia (or selective sound sensitivity syndrome, sound-rage) is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli, or cues. These cues, known as "triggers", are experienced as unpleasant or distressing and tend to evoke strong negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses that are not seen in most other people.[4] Misophonia and misophonic symptoms can adversely affect the ability to achieve life goals and enjoy social situations. It was first recognized in 2001,[5] though it is still not in the DSM-5 or any similar manual.[6][7][8][9][5] For this reason it has been called a "neglected disorder".[10] Reactions to trigger sounds range from annoyance to anger, with possible activation of the fight-or-flight response. Origin of term[edit] The term was coined in 2001 by professor Pawel Jastreboff and doctor Margaret M. Signs and symptoms[edit] Mechanism[edit] Diagnosis[edit]
Neuroscience: Hardwired for taste : Nature A mouthful of bittersweet chocolate cake with a molten centre can trigger potent memories of pleasure, lust and even love. But all it takes is one bad oyster to make you steer clear of this mollusc for life. Neuroscientists who study taste are just beginning to understand how and why the interaction of a few molecules on your tongue can trigger innate behaviours or intense memories. The sensors in our mouths that detect basic tastes — sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami, and arguably a few others — are only the start of the story (see 'The finer points of taste', page S2). The other recent revelation in taste research is that the receptors that detect bitter, sweet and umami are not restricted to the tongue. Brain map Results of previous studies into taste representation in the brain “have been confusing”, says Ryba. The research that led to these conclusions suffered from poor spatial resolution, however. These findings contradict previous ideas about how the brain processes taste.
Trauma model of mental disorders Theory in psychopathology The trauma model of mental disorders, or trauma model of psychopathology, emphasises the effects of physical, sexual and psychological trauma as key causal factors in the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety[1] as well as psychosis,[2] whether the trauma is experienced in childhood or adulthood. It conceptualises people as having understandable reactions to traumatic events rather than suffering from mental illness. People are traumatised by a wide range of people, not just family members. Trauma models thus highlight stressful and traumatic factors in early attachment relations and in the development of mature interpersonal relationships. History[edit] From the 1940s to the 1970s prominent mental health professionals proposed trauma models as a means of understanding schizophrenia, including Harry Stack Sullivan, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Theodore Lidz, Gregory Bateson, Silvano Arieti and R.D. Critiques[edit] See also[edit]
Portrait of an INTP As an INTP, your primary mode of living is focused internally, where you deal with things rationally and logically. Your secondary mode is external, where you take things in primarily via your intuition. INTPs live in the world of theoretical possibilities. INTPs value knowledge above all else. INTPs do not like to lead or control people. The INTP has no understanding or value for decisions made on the basis of personal subjectivity or feelings. The INTP may have a problem with self-aggrandizement and social rebellion, which will interfere with their creative potential. For the INTP, it is extremely important that ideas and facts are expressed correctly and succinctly. The INTP is usually very independent, unconventional, and original. The INTP is at his best when he can work on his theories independently. Check us out on Facebook Careers for INTP INTP Relationships Personal Growth Contact us
Bipolar disorder in children Bipolar disorder in children, or pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), is a rare mental disorder in children and adolescents. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children has been heavily debated for many reasons including the potential harmful effects of adult bipolar medication use for children. Since 1980, the DSMTooltip Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has specified that the criteria for bipolar disorder in adults can also be applied to children with some adjustments based on developmental differences.[5] Genetics and environment are considered risk factors for the development of bipolar disorder with the exact cause unknown at this time. Causes[edit] Diagnosis[edit] Diagnosis is made based on a clinical interview by a licensed mental health professional. Early diagnosis is important for children to start treatment soon and leads to better outcomes. Signs and symptoms[edit] Manic episodes include[edit] Depressive episodes include[edit] Subtypes[edit] Controversy[edit]
The Personality Page Mental disorders and gender Gender is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders Sigmund Freud postulated that women were more prone to neurosis because they experienced aggression towards the self, which stemmed from developmental issues. Freud's postulation is countered by the idea that societal factors, such as gender roles, may play a major role in the development of mental illness. When considering gender and mental illness, one must look to both biology and social/cultural factors to explain areas in which men and women are more likely to develop different mental illnesses. A patriarchal society, gender roles, personal identity, social media, and exposure to other mental health risk factors have adverse effects on the psychological perceptions of both men and women. Gender differences in mental health[edit] Gender-specific risk factors[edit] Gender-specific risk factors increase the likelihood of getting a particular mental disorder based on one's gender. Anxiety[edit] Depression[edit]