Happiness

Quality of life Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is based primarily on income. Overview[edit] Standard indicators of the quality of life include not only wealth and employment but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging.[1][2] According to ecological economist Robert Costanza: While Quality of Life (QOL) has long been an explicit or implicit policy goal, adequate definition and measurement have been elusive. Identity and engagementCreativity and recreationMemory and projectionBelief and ideasGender and generationsEnquiry and learningWellbeing and health Also frequently related are concepts such as freedom, human rights, and happiness. Quantitative measurement[edit] Other measures[edit]

Stutterer (film) Greenwood, a lonely typographer, makes a phone call to discuss a bill issue, but his stutter keeps him from getting his words out and he is hung up on. Later, in a conversation with his online girlfriend Ellie on Facebook, Ellie says she has a surprise for Greenwood and will tell him the next day. The next day, Greenwood is at his father's home and his father is on the phone arguing with the company about communicating with his son about his bill. Ellie sends another message, sad that Greenwood has not replied. He begins to craft a response with a made up excuse as to why he can't meet her but changes his mind and doesn't reply. The next morning, Greenwood begins learning sign language, pretending to be deaf to avoid speaking, though in his head he clearly answers people and wishes he could talk to them. Once he arrives, standing across the street, he witnesses as a stranger attempts to speak to Ellie from behind.

Meritocracy Definitions[edit] Early definitions[edit] Supporters of meritocracies do not necessarily agree on the nature of "merit", however, they do tend to agree that "merit" itself should be a primary consideration during evaluation. In a more general sense, meritocracy can refer to any form of government based on achievement. This is in contrast to the term originally coined by Michael Young in 1958, who critically defined it as a system where "merit is equated with intelligence-plus-effort, its possessors are identified at an early age and selected for appropriate intensive education, and there is an obsession with quantification, test-scoring, and qualifications." [5] Meritocracy in its wider sense, may be any general act of judgment upon the basis of various demonstrated merits; such acts frequently are described in sociology and psychology. More recent definitions[edit] The most common form of meritocratic screening found today is the college degree. Etymology[edit] History[edit] Australia[edit]

Internet addiction disorder Internet addiction disorder (IAD), now more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU)[1] or compulsive Internet use (CIU).[2] Other overlapping terms include Internet overuse, problematic computer use or pathological computer use – and even iDisorder.[3] These terms avoid the word addiction and are not limited to any single cause, but only reflect a general statement about excessive computer use that interferes with daily life.[4] IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995,[5] though some later researchers have taken his essay seriously. Other habits such as reading, playing computer games, or watching very large numbers of Internet videos or movies are all troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. Internet addiction is a subset of a broader "technology addiction". §A multidimensional construct[edit] §Disputed disorder: DSM[edit] Jerald J. §Controversies in diagnosis[edit] §Net compulsions[edit] Dr.

Behavioral economics There are three prevalent themes in behavioral finances:[3] Issues in behavioral economics[edit] Behavioral finance[edit] The central issue in behavioral finance is explaining why market participants make systematic errors contrary to assumption of rational market participants.[1] Such errors affect prices and returns, creating market inefficiencies. It also investigates how other participants take advantage (arbitrage) of such market inefficiencies. Behavioral finance highlights inefficiencies such as under- or over-reactions to information as causes of market trends (and in extreme cases of bubbles and crashes). Other key observations include the asymmetry between decisions to acquire or keep resources, known as the "bird in the bush" paradox, and loss aversion, the unwillingness to let go of a valued possession. Quantitative behavioral finance[edit] Quantitative behavioral finance uses mathematical and statistical methodology to understand behavioral biases. Financial models[edit]

Concussion Type of traumatic brain injury Concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is typically defined as a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning.[8] Symptoms may include loss of consciousness (LOC); memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking, concentration or balance; nausea; blurred vision; sleep disturbances; and mood changes.[1] Any of these symptoms may begin immediately, or appear days after the injury.[1] It is not unusual for symptoms to last 2 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children.[9][2] Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness.[10] Video explanation of concussions in children[17] Signs and symptoms Physical Cognitive and emotional Cognitive symptoms include confusion, disorientation, and difficulty focusing attention. Mechanism Rotational force is key in a concussion. Forces The brain is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, which protects it from light trauma. Pathophysiology Diagnosis Age

Status Anxiety Status Anxiety is a nonfiction book by Alain de Botton. It was first published in 2004 by Hamish Hamilton; subsequent publications have been by Penguin Books. Central thesis[edit] Status Anxiety discusses the desire of people in many modern societies to "climb the social ladder" and the anxieties that result from a focus on how one is perceived by others. De Botton claims that chronic anxiety about status is an inevitable side effect of any democratic, ostensibly egalitarian society. Causes: Solutions: Film[edit] A two-hour documentary film about this thesis, also called Status Anxiety and written by Alain de Botton, was released in 2004. See also[edit] External links[edit] Status Anxiety - Alain de Botton website

Reference Relationship between objects References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of them are described in the sections below. Etymology and meanings [edit] The word reference is derived from Middle English referren, from Middle French référer, from Latin referre, "to carry back", formed from the prefix re- and ferre, "to bear".[2] A number of words derive from the same root, including refer, referee, referential, referent, referendum. The verb refer (to) and its derivatives may carry the sense of "connect to" or "link to", as in the meanings of reference described in this article. The notion of reference is also important in relational database theory; see referential integrity. Library and information sciences References to many types of printed matter may come in an electronic or machine-readable form. In art, a reference is an item from which a work is based.