Anatomy of the Linux kernel History and architectural decomposition M. Tim JonesPublished on June 06, 2007 Given that the goal of this article is to introduce you to the Linux kernel and explore its architecture and major components, let's start with a short tour of Linux kernel history, then look at the Linux kernel architecture from 30,000 feet, and, finally, examine its major subsystems. A short tour of Linux history Linux or GNU/Linux? You've probably noticed that Linux as an operating system is referred to in some cases as "Linux" and in others as "GNU/Linux." While Linux is arguably the most popular open source operating system, its history is actually quite short considering the timeline of operating systems. In the 1960s, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a host of companies developed an experimental operating system called Multics (or Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) for the GE-645. Figure 1. View image at full size Introduction to the Linux kernel Figure 2. View image at full size
Ubuntu 7.10 "Gutsy Gibbon" Version 1.0 Author: Oliver Meyer <o [dot] meyer [at] projektfarm [dot] de> Last edited 10/20/2007 This document describes how to set up an Ubuntu 7.10 "Gutsy Gibbon" desktop. The result is a fast, secure and extendable system that provides all you need for daily work and entertainment. This howto is a practical guide without any warranty - it doesn't cover the theoretical backgrounds. 1 Installation 1.1 Get Ubuntu 7.10 "Gutsy Gibbon" The CD image is available at 1.2 Live Start/restart your computer and insert the Live-CD - be sure that your bios is configured to boot from your CD/DVD drive first. (JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to view the large image as an image overlay.) The Live-CD is starting up. A few moments later you'll see the desktop. 1.3 Start The Installation Double-click on the "Install"-button on the desktop. Select the timezone nearest to your location and proceed. Choose your keyboard layout and proceed. The system is starting.
Ubuntu-News Using VirtualBox to run Ubuntu and any other operating system GNU/Linux can be scary to a new user. After all, what if you mess up? What if you end up corrupting your hard drive so badly that you need to format it to get rid of GNU/Linux? The solution is to use virtualization technology. A virtual machine creates a virtual hard drive as well as a virtual computer, so you can install and run it from within another operating system. If you want to get rid of the virtualized (also known as the guest) operating system, just delete the virtual hard disk from the real (host) computer’s hard drive. First, choose which virtualization tool to use. VirtualBox is free software. Getting VirtualBox varies from platform to platform. Now that VirtualBox is installed, create your first virtual machine. Select the “New” button (or hit Ctrl + N). Figure 1: New Machine Wizard Click “Next”. Figure 2: New Virtual Disk Wizard Click “New”, and yet another window opens. Now, click “Ubuntu” once, then click “Settings” (figure 3). Figure 3: Adding a CD/DVD-Rom
Emma Alvarez Site: Top Best 50 Ubuntu Opensource Applications For Design And Developing Ubuntu (and its variants Kubuntu, Xubuntu and Fluxbuntu) have made Linux more accessible to the big public, as it has brought both ease of use and eye-candy as well as security and ease of installing programs. The users of Ubuntu have a big range of software to choose and install, but it's hard to choose what software is the best for your needs. This list hopes to help to choose the right software, and here follows what I think is the best Ubuntu software for designers and developers. Most of them are available with Synaptic, but anyway the links to their websites are provided. (Note: I've recently done a new list with more applications. You can find it here:50 More Ubuntu Apps For Design And Developing) 2D Graphic Design Xara Xtreme, (package: xaralx) This is simply the easiest vector graphics drawing program. Ktoon, A very easy 2D animation tool specially aimed to draw cartoons. Synfig, A professional studio to make 2D animations. 3D Design System Tools Productivity Tools Web Design or
35 Cool Applications to install on Ubuntu 7.04 35 Cool Applications to install on Ubuntu 7.04 Ubuntu 7.04 is undoubtedly one of the most popular Linux distribution especially for Linux newbies , now overall it is extremely usable and good but a very limited number of applications are by default shipped with Ubuntu 7.04 . Now here in this sudo aptitude install libqt3-mt and sudo dpkg -i opera_9.20-20070409.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb After completing above step launch opera from (Applications -> Internet -> Opera ) 2. Downloader for X is a nice download manager that allows downloading files from Internet , pausing them and downloading them later . Anyways to install " Downloader for X " type the following command in the terminal window. ¨sudo aptitude install d4x " After installation is over launch ¨Downloader for X¨ by typing ¨d4x¨ in the terminal window , or by going to (Applications-> Internet -> Downloader for X ) This is how Downloader for X looks 3. sudo aptitude install amarok AmaroK running on Ubuntu 4. sudo aptitude install skype 5. 6. 7.
The Great Ubuntu-Girlfriend Experiment « Content Consumer digg Introduction I’ve toyed with Linux since 2002, when I first installed Mandrake. With the latest release of Ubuntu, I was interested to see how far Linux had come since then in terms of being used easily by the mainstream. So, I tricked my grudging girlfriend Erin into sitting down at a brand new Ubuntu 8.04 installation and performing some basic tasks. Erin’s knowledge of computers is limited to word processors, spreadsheets, Photoshop and a reasonable amount of browsing on the Web. First task: Tell me what the capital of Bosnia is. As soon as she heard this, Erin grinned, rolled her eyes and said “easy!” Second task: Watch a video on YouTube. (note: this is a problem specifically with YouTube – it detects whether or not you have Flash using JavaScript and then puts a link to Adobe’s webpage instead of displaying the plugin. This proved more problematic. Because she’s using Ubuntu, the RPM and the YUM are going to be of no use – not that she knows this. Again, very simple. Conclusion
Installing LAMP On Ubuntu For Newbies | HowtoForge - Linux Howto In this guide I will show you how to install a LAMP system. LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. The guide is intended to help those who have very little knowlegde of using Linux. Install Apache To start off we will install Apache. 1. 2. sudo apt-get install apache2 3. Testing Apache To make sure everything installed correctly we will now test Apache to ensure it is working properly. 1. You should see a folder entitled apache2-default/. Install PHP In this part we will install PHP 5. Step 1. Step 2. sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 Step 3. sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Test PHP To ensure there are no issues with PHP let's give it a quick test run. Step 1. sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php This will open up a file called phptest.php. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. The page should look like this: Congrats you have now installed both Apache and PHP! Install MySQL To finish this guide up we will install MySQL. Step 1. Step 2 (optional). Step 3.
UNetbootin - Homepage and Downloads Packages: Ubuntu Debian Fedora Suse Arch Gentoo Source Introduction UNetbootin allows you to create bootable Live USB drives for Ubuntu, Fedora, and other Linux distributions without burning a CD. Requirements Microsoft Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7, or Linux, or Mac OS X 10.5+. Features UNetbootin can create a bootable Live USB drive, or it can make a "frugal install" on your local hard disk if you don't have a USB drive. The current version has built-in support for automatically downloading and loading the following distributions, though installing other distributions is also supported: UNetbootin can also be used to load various system utilities, including: Parted Magic, a partition manager that can resize, repair, backup, and restore partitions. » See List of Custom UNetbootin Versions and Plugins. » See Using a UNetbootin Plugin. Installation & Screenshots » See Live USB Creation Guide. Removal Instructions (Applicable only to Hard Disk / "frugal installs") » See UNetbootin Translations FAQs