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Past Exam Papers - GCSE Science A Find past papers and mark schemes for your exams, and specimen papers for new courses. Can’t find your papers? Some question papers are not available online and older question papers and mark schemes are removed from our public website and Secure Key Materials (SKM) after three years because of copyright restrictions (except for Maths and Science).Not sure which exams you're taking? Students may find our Preparing for your exams webpages useful for their revision and exams. Teachers can get past papers earlier, starting 10 days after the exam, from Secure Key Materials.
GCSE Bitesize: Nutrients Learn How to Draw 7 Different Types of Dogs - Traditional-Drawing Tutorial Step 1 Materials: 14 sheets of tracing paper 7 blank white index cards 3" x 5" Small Ruler Mechanical pencil 0.5mm lead Kneaded Eraser Please read step one fully, it is very important! For those who only wish to draw a certain dog, you will locate each dog as following: Golden Retriever - Step 2 - 18 Basset Hound - Step 19 - 34 Cocker Spaniel - Step 35 - 47 Collie - Step 48 - 60 English bulldog - Step 61 - 75 German Shepherd - Step 76 - 95 Irish Setter - Step 96 - 107 Step 1. Take a 3x5 card and measure your distances as shown in accompanying picture. Step 2 Draw in a rough shape of your dog. Step 3 Draw in the grid for eyes, nose and mouth placement Step 4 Now roughly draw in the eyes, nose and mouth into the grid. Step 5 With a new sheet of paper covering your grid, draw in the eyes, nose and mouth. Step 6 Now start drawing in the fur around left ear. Step 7 Keep drawing the fur around ear, image will guide you. Step 8 Start drawing in the fur detail near left eye, use image to guide you. Step 9 Step 10
GCSE Bitesize: Pathogens: bacteria GCSE Bitesize: Receptors White blood cells / response to infection Natural active immunity (natural acquired immunity) The surface of every cell is covered with molecules that give it a unique set of characteristics. These molecules are called antigens. Antigens are generally fragments of protein or carbohydrate molecules. There are millions of different antigens and each one has a unique shape that can be recognised by the white blood cells of your immune system. The antigens on the surface of pathogenic cells are different from those on the surface of your own cells. Primary response to infection If a pathogen enters your body, white blood cells of your immune system quickly recognise its foreign antigens. This initial response takes a few days before it is large enough to fight off the infection. White blood cells are found all over your body, but especially in your lymph glands. Different types of white blood cells respond in one of three different ways to the presence of a pathogen in the body:
Vaccination Developed by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccination has made a major contribution to the fight against infectious diseases. It prepares your body's immune system to prevent infections from diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio and tetanus. When you are vaccinated, you are given the pathogen that causes the disease, or even just some harmless fragments of it. Your immune system detects the foreign pathogens and mounts a primary immune response against them even though they will not cause an infection. With some vaccinations, the immune memory can reduce over several years. Each vaccination provides immunity against that particular disease and so a programme of vaccinations is given to provide immunity against a range of common infections. A small child receiving an oral polio vaccine in Ethiopia. Vaccine for all infections? It would be ideal if there was a vaccine for all infectious diseases. Vaccine risks and benefits? The benefits of vaccinations are enormous.
Insulin and blood sugar control Controlling the blood sugar levels When you digest a meal, particularly one which is high in carbohydrate foods such as bread, pasta and cakes, the level of glucose in your blood rises. Glucose is important to the cells of the body, particularly the brain and the muscles, as an energy source for cellular respiration. Infectious diseases: pathogens There are a number of interactive features in this e-source: A glossary of terms: any word with a glossary entry is highlighted like this. Clicking on the <acronym title='Glossary Item'>highlighted</acronym> word will open a new window with a definition of the word.Quick questions: at the end of a page/section, there is a set of quick questions to test your understanding of the scientific ideas.Animations: most of the animations can be expanded to full screen size, ideal for showing on an interactive whiteboard. If you are printing from an Internet Explorer (IE) browser, please go to 'print preview' and adjust the preferred print zoom level to 85% .
Genes and inheritance Genes contain the code to make proteins, which are involved in the development and functioning of body organs and systems. Proteins are essential to life and have many functions in the body, for example, as enzymes, regulators and structural molecules. Genes are also the units of heredity by which characteristics, such as eye colour and blood group, are passed from one generation to the next. There are a number of interactive features in this e-source: A glossary of terms: any word with a glossary entry is highlighted like this. If you are printing from an Internet Explorer (IE) browser, please go to 'print preview' and adjust the preferred print zoom level to 85% .