Archaea The Archaea ( Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (or Kingdom Monera), but this classification is outdated.[1] Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life: Bacteria and Eukaryota. The Archaea are further divided into four recognized phyla. Classification is difficult, because the majority have not been studied in the laboratory and have only been detected by analysis of their nucleic acids in samples from their environment. Classification[edit] New domain[edit] Current classification[edit] The classification of archaea, and of prokaryotes in general, is a rapidly moving and contentious field. A superphylum - TACK - has been proposed that includes the Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.[18] This superphylum may be related to the origin of eukaryotes. Species[edit] The classification of archaea into species is also controversial. Origin and evolution[edit] R.S. Morphology[edit]
Alan N. Shapiro, Technologist and Futurist Learned Helplessness The Misconception: If you are in a bad situation, you will do whatever you can do to escape it. The Truth: If you feel like you aren’t in control of your destiny, you will give up and accept whatever situation you are in. In 1965, a scientist named Martin Seligman started shocking dogs. He was trying to expand on the research of Pavlov – the guy who could make dogs salivate when they heard a bell ring. Seligman wanted to head in the other direction, and when he rang his bell instead of providing food he zapped them with electricity. After they were conditioned, he put these dogs in a big box with a little fence dividing it into two halves. You are just like these dogs. If, over the course of your life, you have experienced crushing defeat or pummeling abuse or loss of control, you learn over time there is no escape, and if escape is offered, you will not act – you become a nihilist who trusts futility above optimism. Do you vote? Amazon | B&N | BAM | Indiebound | iTunes Links:
What Kinds of Happy Couples Eventually Get Divorced? - Alice G. Walton - Health A new study identifies some traits of people whose marriages started off great but later fell apart. The warning signs? Poor communication, verbal aggression, and "inappropriate pessimism." flickr/paulinaclemente Given the fact that a good number of marriages still end in divorce, understanding what factors are linked to divorce might actually help us predict it. In a new study, the researchers followed 136 married couples who all reported being very satisfied in the first four years of their marriages. Couples who went on to divorce were more likely to be poorer communicators, and tended to display more negative emotions and support mechanisms than people who stayed married. The couples who went on to divorce over the next ten years did not differ from the couples who stayed married in how happy or satisfied they said they were at the outset. For example, the couples who went on to divorce were more likely to use blame and invalidation in their communication efforts.
Theories of Intelligence - Overview of Theories of Intelligence What exactly is intelligence? How do researchers define and measure this mental quality? While intelligence is one of the most talked about subjects in psychology, there is no standard definition of what exactly constitutes 'intelligence.' Some researchers have suggested that intelligence is a single, general ability while other believe that intelligence encompasses a range of aptitudes, skills, and talents. How Do Psychologists Define Intelligence? Intelligence has been an important and controversial topic throughout psychology's history. continue reading below our video Loaded: 0% Progress: 0% At various points throughout recent history, researchers have proposed some different definitions of intelligence. Learn. Intelligence involves some different mental abilities including logic, reasoning, problem-solving and planning. While the subject of intelligence is one of the largest and most heavily researched, it is also one of the topics that generates the greatest controversy. Louis L.
10 Strange Things About The Universe Space The universe can be a very strange place. While groundbreaking ideas such as quantum theory, relativity and even the Earth going around the Sun might be commonly accepted now, science still continues to show that the universe contains things you might find it difficult to believe, and even more difficult to get your head around. Theoretically, the lowest temperature that can be achieved is absolute zero, exactly ? One of the properties of a negative-energy vacuum is that light actually travels faster in it than it does in a normal vacuum, something that may one day allow people to travel faster than the speed of light in a kind of negative-energy vacuum bubble. One prediction of Einstein’s theory of general relativity is that when a large object moves, it drags the space-time around it, causing nearby objects to be pulled along as well. Relativity of Simultaneity Since this extra dimension is so small, only tiny objects, such as particles, can move along it. Antimatter Retrocausality
Ephemeral territories: representing ... Neuroscience clues to who you aren't Michael Bond, consultant THE problem of the self - what it is that makes you you - has exercised philosophers and theologians for millennia. Today it is also a hotly contested scientific question, and the science is confirming what the Buddha, Scottish philosopher David Hume and many other thinkers maintained: that there is no concrete identity at the core of our being, and that our sense of self is an illusion spun from narratives we construct about our lives. Bruce Hood's The Self Illusion is a thoroughly researched and skillfully organised account of the developments in psychology and neuroscience that are helping to substantiate this unsettling vision of selfhood. He casts a long line, exploring subjects such as free will, the unconscious, the role of (false) memories in building identity, as well as myriad social psychology experiments showing how people behave differently according to the situation they are in. American DNA holds some surprising secrets Debora MacKenzie, consultant
Many Mentally Ill Americans Have Few Options Despite the passage of the mental health parity act a few years ago, and the help that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has also brought, many Americans still fall through the cracks of our disjointed, disorganized public mental health care system. Unlike public health care, the public mental health system is a patchwork quilt of disparate systems that vary incredibly from state to state. They also rely on significant state funding — funding that’s usually the first to be cut when state budgets are tight. The U.S. is one of the most wealthy societies in the world who’s standard of living would make people envious. Shouldn’t we do more to ensure that just because you’re poor, you have the same access to treatment as you would if you were poor and had a medical concern? Andrew Doughman at the Spartanburg Herald-Journal in South Carolina wrote a thoughtful and touching article today shedding light on this ongoing national embarrassment. Footnotes: Dr.
Psychological Catch-22s Yossarian, the protagonist of Joseph Heller's classic novel, , wants to be excused from air combat. To be excused, he needs only to prove that he is mentally unstable, but there's a catch: the very act of asking to be excused would show that he is sane. In other words, there's no way out. . Social rejection is a painful experience that signals to an individual that he or she is not valued by a group. Increasing self-esteem is unfortunately not as simple as telling yourself that you're great. Depressed individuals are often caught in a particularly paralyzing catch-22. Most people do not want to appear prejudiced. This is only the tip of the catch-22 iceberg.
Lyapunov fractal Standard Lyapunov logistic fractal with iteration sequence AB, in the region [2, 4] × [2, 4]. Generalized Lyapunov logistic fractal with iteration sequence AABAB, in the region [2, 4] × [2, 4]. Generalized Lyapunov logistic fractal with iteration sequence BBBBBBAAAAAA, in the growth parameter region (A,B) in [3.4, 4.0] × [2.5, 3.4], known as Zircon Zity. In mathematics, Lyapunov fractals (also known as Markus–Lyapunov fractals) are bifurcational fractals derived from an extension of the logistic map in which the degree of the growth of the population, r, periodically switches between two values A and B. A Lyapunov fractal is constructed by mapping the regions of stability and chaotic behaviour (measured using the Lyapunov exponent ) in the a−b plane for given periodic sequences of a and b. (stability), and blue corresponds to (chaos). Properties[edit] Lyapunov fractals are generally drawn for values of A and B in the interval . Algorithm for generating Lyapunov fractals[edit]
Relationscapes: movement, art ... The Upside of Anger: 6 Psychological Benefits of Getting Mad We tend to think of anger as a wild, negative emotion, but research finds that anger also has its positive side. There are all sorts of good sensible, civilised reasons to avoid getting angry. Not only does it make you feel bad, it makes you do stupid things without noticing the risks and it can be self-destructive. As a result civilised people do their best to suppress, redirect and mask their anger. But like all emotions anger has its purposes, which can be used to good effect. 1. You sometimes hear people talking about using anger as a motivating force by ‘turning anger into positive energy’. In one study participants were shown objects they associated with a reward. When we see something as beneficial, we want it more when we’re angry. 2. It may sound like an odd thing to say, but angry people have something in common with happy people. Take one study of fear of terrorism carried out in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. 3. 4. 5. 6. Deadly sin or constructive emotion?
The Secret Language Code Are there hidden messages in your emails? Yes, and in everything you write or say, according to James Pennebaker, chair of the department of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. Pennebaker has been a leader in the computer analysis of texts for their psychological content. And in his new book, “The Secret Life of Pronouns,” he argues that how we use words like “I,” “she,” and “who” reveal secrets of our psychology. COOK: How did you become interested in pronouns? PENNEBAKER: A complete and total accident. Much to my surprise, I soon discovered that the ways people used pronouns in their essays predicted whose health would improve the most. As I pondered these findings, I started looking at how people used pronouns in other texts -- blogs, emails, speeches, class writing assignments, and natural conversation. COOK: What would make you think that the use of pronouns would be meaningful? COOK: What differences have you found between men and women? COOK: And what have you found?