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The Marshmallow Test: What Does It Really Measure?

Ultimately, the new study finds limited support for the idea that being able to delay gratification leads to better outcomes. Instead, it suggests that the capacity to hold out for a second marshmallow is shaped in large part by a child’s social and economic background—and, in turn, that that background, not the ability to delay gratification, is what’s behind kids’ long-term success. The marshmallow test isn’t the only experimental study that has recently failed to hold up under closer scrutiny. Some scholars and journalists have gone so far as to suggest that psychology is in the midst of a “replication crisis.” This new paper found that among kids whose mothers had a college degree, those who waited for a second marshmallow did no better in the long run—in terms of standardized test scores and mothers’ reports of their children’s behavior—than those who dug right in. There’s plenty of other research that sheds further light on the class dimension of the marshmallow test. Related:  Last readFinance Workshop

Portugal : un redressement économique et social qui prend Bruxelles à contre-pied Il y a un an, en juillet 2016, la Commission européenne entamait une procédure pour "déficit excessif" contre le gouvernement de Lisbonne. Le Portugal risquait une amende, selon Bruxelles, puisque il était censé ramener son déficit à 2,5 % de son PIB en 2015 au lieu des 4,4 % annoncés. La procédure a été abandonnée un mois plus tard. Etonnement, la France n'était pas soumise à la même pression, alors qu'elle n'avait pas — elle non plus — tenu ses engagements : 3,4% de déficit au lieu des 3% requis. Mais l'économie portugaise n'a pas réussi à réduire ses déficits par la baisse des dépenses publiques, des réformes structurelles du travail visant à "assouplir" les droits des salariés, ou en abaissant les protections sociales, comme le préconise la Commission européenne. > Portugal : les audaces de la gauche irritent à Bruxelles​ Mesures socio-économiques > Ni austérité, ni populisme : le Portugal suit sa voie de gauche Politique anti-austéritaire de relance par la demande

Personal Finance for Beginners I - Retire Japan This is the start of a new series here at RetireJapan. Over the next four weeks we'll be looking at personal finance for people in their twenties, their thirties, their forties, and their fifties.If you're too old for today's post feel free to read along anyway -you can think of what might have been or take notes for when your kids grow up :)So you're in your 20s and you want to get started with personal finance? Not only have you come to the right place, I am really jealous of you.The sooner you start building good financial habits, the better off you will end up. Warren Buffett started investing when he was 11 -and look at him now, with his $71.8 billion.As a young adult, you have some huge advantages. Being aware of them and working on a few basic financial habits will put you in a very favourable position going forwards.1. First of all, you have huge amounts of human capital.

Foster families who ignore race are participating in a pernicious form of racism Derek Owusu draws on personal experiences to argue that there needs to be more education about the needs of black children when being fostered I was eight years old when I first realised I was black. Before that, all I saw myself as was a ‘different kind of person’. No colour attached, but of course, visibly different to my peers. I was in foster care for the first eight years of my life–the formative years that, according to the Jesuit maxim, make you the man you will grow into. Late discoveries about identity are very common among black children raised in foster care by white families. When I arrived in London, one of my first experiences was getting a proper haircut. This disgust continued back home, where I was scolded for looking permanently “ashy”, and not knowing how to moisturise myself properly. It took some time for my head to heal and for me to learn to take care of my skin; to allow my darkness to develop a healthy glow. Like this: Like Loading...

DNA tests for IQ are coming, but it might not be smart to take one Ready for a world in which a $50 DNA test can predict your odds of earning a PhD or forecast which toddler gets into a selective preschool? Robert Plomin, a behavioral geneticist, says that’s exactly what’s coming. For decades genetic researchers have sought the hereditary factors behind intelligence, with little luck. But now gene studies have finally gotten big enough—and hence powerful enough—to zero in on genetic differences linked to IQ. A year ago, no gene had ever been tied to performance on an IQ test. Since then, more than 500 have, thanks to gene studies involving more than 200,000 test takers. The discoveries mean we can now read the DNA of a young child and get a notion of how intelligent he or she will be, says Plomin, an American based at King’s College London, where he leads a long-term study of 13,000 pairs of British twins. As of now, the predictions are not highly accurate. Others are holding back. Finding the genes And that’s not all. It’s also highly heritable.

The Scientific Argument for Mastering One Thing at a Time Many people, myself included, have multiple areas of life they would like to improve. For example, I would like to reach more people with my writing, to lift heavier weights at the gym, and to start practicing mindfulness more consistently. Those are just a few of the goals I find desirable and you probably have a long list yourself. The problem is, even if we are committed to working hard on our goals, our natural tendency is to revert back to our old habits at some point. Making a permanent lifestyle change is really difficult. Recently, I’ve come across a few research studies that (just maybe) will make these difficult lifestyle changes a little bit easier. Too Many Good Intentions If you want to master multiple habits and stick to them for good, then you need to figure out how to be consistent. Well, here is one of the most robust findings from psychology research on how to actually follow through on your goals: What Happens When You Focus on One Thing

L’inquiétude monte face à l’impact des écrans sur les plus jeunes Les professionnels de l’enfance s’alarment des troubles du développement chez les plus exposés précocement. Bon nombre de professionnels de l’enfance s’inquiètent de la place des écrans et de leur impact, et ce dès le plus jeune âge. Elisabeth Baton-Hervé, chercheuse indépendan­te, formatrice à l’éducation à l’image et aux médias, a voulu en savoir plus et a mené depuis 2014 une cinquantaine d’entretiens avec ces professionnels de terrain sur cette question, dans douze départements. Elle a présenté des premiers résultats lors de la troisième édition du colloque « Les impacts des écrans sur la jeunesse : un enjeu majeur de santé publique », organisé par l’Association pour l’éducation à la réduction du temps écran (Alerte) et Edupax (une association québécoise qui organise les journées sans écran dans les écoles), qui s’est tenu ­samedi 5 mai à la mairie du 19e arrondissement, à Paris. Réalité et fiction confondues Les conséquences ?

Boy Scouts Personal Management Merit Badge and Worksheet Requirements for the Personal Management merit badge: Do the following: Choose an item that your family might want to purchase that is considered a major expense. Write a plan that tells how your family would save money for the purchase identified in requirement 1a. Discuss the plan with your merit badge counselor. Discuss the plan with your family. Comment about this page: Contest - Ask a Question - Add Content This site is not officially associated with the Boy Scouts of America Find more Scouting Resources at www.BoyScoutTrail.com

Why I embrace the term Latinx When I first saw the word Latinx – best described as a gender-neutral term to describe US residents of Latin American descent – in print it seemed strange, alien, and unfit for proper pronunciation. But rather than perceiving it as my enemy, I came to embrace its enticing, futurist charms. The term Latinx arises from a perceived inadequacies of the labels “Hispanic” and “Latino”, which emerged in the civil rights era, around the same time that the term “Negro” gave way to “black”, and then “African American”. Although Hispano was used earlier, particularly in New York in the early to mid-20th century by migrants from Latin American as a vehicle for advocacy and political organizing, Hispanic was adopted in the 1970s by government bureaucracies, the business community and advertisers and marketers as a way to promote American assimilation while retaining ethnic pride. Yet of course Latinx has its detractors. I embrace Latinx because of its futurist implications.

Humans produce new brain cells throughout their lives, say researchers | Science Humans continue to produce new neurons in a part of their brain involved in learning, memory and emotion throughout adulthood, scientists have revealed, countering previous theories that production stopped after adolescence. The findings could help in developing treatments for neurological conditions such as dementia. Many new neurons are produced in the hippocampus in babies, but it has been a matter of hot debate whether this continues into adulthood – and if so, whether this rate drops with age as seen in mice and nonhuman primates. Although some research had found new neurons in the hippocampus of older humans, a recent study scotched the idea, claiming that new neurons in the hippocampus were at undetectable levels by our late teens. Now another group of scientists have published research that pushes back, revealing the new neurons are produced in this brain region in human adults and does not drop off with age.

Tomorrow's cities: Google's Toronto city built 'from the internet up' Image copyright Sidewalk Labs On Toronto's Eastern waterfront, a new digital city is being built by Sidewalk Labs - a firm owned by Google's parent Alphabet. It hopes the project will become a model for 21st-Century urbanism. But the deal has been controversial, representing one of biggest ever tie-ups between a city and a large corporation. And that, coupled with the fact that the corporation in question is one of the largest tech firms in the world, is causing some unease. Sidewalk Labs promises to transform the disused waterfront area into a bustling mini metropolis, one built "from the internet up", although there is no timetable for when the city will actually be built. Dan Doctoroff, the company's head and former deputy mayor of New York, told the BBC the project was "about creating healthier, safer, more convenient and more fun lives". "We want this to be a model for what urban life can be in the 21st Century," he said. "What data will be gathered and what is it going to be used for?

L'émancipation n'est pas une marchandise Par Christophe Cailleaux et Amélie Hart-Hutasse, enseignant.e.s. Ce texte est une version largement remaniée et mise à jour d'un précédent billet portant le même titre. Dans une tribune parue en octobre 2016, Laurence de Cock et Grégory Chambat, dénonçaient avec force une « nébuleuse nostalgique » et réactionnaire qui avait envahi le débat public sur l’école. Une telle conception de l'éducation est à l'opposé du projet de la Fondation Espérance Banlieues (lire le précédent article de cette édition) qui, profitant de la campagne électorale, lance une offensive de communication. Cet appel, son argumentaire, et la liste de ses soutiens plus ou moins prestigieux est pour nous, enseignant.e.s, pédagogues soucieux d’égalité et d’émancipation, un indice : les réactionnaires d'Espérance Banlieues et les libéraux "innovants" ont en commun le mépris du service public d'éducation. Les marchands d'école aiment "la" pédagogie La marchandisation de l’éducation n’est pas un phénomène nouveau.

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