APA Formatting and Style Guide

Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion Your essay lacks only two paragraphs now: the introduction and the conclusion. These paragraphs will give the reader a point of entry to and a point of exit from your essay. Introduction The introduction should be designed to attract the reader's attention and give her an idea of the essay's focus. Begin with an attention grabber. Conclusion The conclusion brings closure to the reader, summing up your points or providing a final perspective on your topic. All the conclusion needs is three or four strong sentences which do not need to follow any set formula. Frequently Asked Questions What is group registration of unpublished works? What does “GRAM” stand for? How do I register musical works (with or without lyrics) with the same application? How do I register sound recordings with the same application? Can I register a work that was previously published as a single before it was published on the album? How do I register photographs, artwork, or liner notes with the same application? What’s the difference between a “musical work” and a “sound recording”? Can I register a musical work (with or without lyrics) and sound recordings with the same group registration application? Can I register musical works (with or without lyrics), photographs, artwork, and liner notes with the same application? Where can I learn about this group registration option? When did this change go into effect? When was this change announced? Do I need to submit my claim through the electronic registration system? Where do I find information about the online registration system? What is a collective work?

Son of Citation Machine How to Write Faster, Better, and Easier If you are a writer, you’ve probably wished that you could write faster, better, and easier. I have too. I’ve been writing for many years now and I’ve found some tricks that help. They just may help you too! Everyone has their own system, but sometimes learning about another person’s system can flip a switch that enables you to improve your writing. This system is about being organized and prepared. The Writing Routine 1. 2. 3. 4. Planning: Before you go to Google or other sources, write out in bullet points the questions you need to answer.Clipping: When you find information you need “clip it” which means to collect it somehow. 5. If you normally write on the computer, give longhand a try for your first draft. If you are tired, just type your outline assuming you have it in longhand. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. These steps may seem longer when you read through them, but they truly will make your writing better, and your ideas will flow faster and easier. What are your tips for writing?

Citing Yourself If you cite or quote your previous work, treat yourself as the author and your own previous course work as an unpublished paper, as shown in the APA publication manual. For example, if Marie Briggs wanted to cite a paper she wrote at Walden in 2012, her in-text citation might look like this: Briggs (2012) asserted that previous literature on the psychology of tightrope walkers was faulty in that it "presumed that risk-taking behaviors align neatly with certain personality traits or disorders" (p. 4). And in the reference list: Briggs, M. (2012). manuscript, Walden University. If your original work contained citations from other sources, you will need to include those same citations in the new work as well, per APA. According to Briggs (2012), recent psychologists such as "Presley and Johnson (2009) too quickly attributed risk-taking to genetic factors, ignoring the social family issues that often influence the decision to explore pursuits such as tightrope walking" (p. 5).

Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing | ORI - The Office of Research Integrity The purpose of this module is to help students, as well as professionals, identify and prevent questionable practices and to develop an awareness of ethical writing. This guide was written by Miguel Roig, PhD, from St. Johns University with funding from ORI. This module was originally created in 2003 and revised in 2006 and 2015. * Note: Self-plagiarism is NOT considered research misconduct in accordance to 42 CFR 93 This module is intended for educational purposes only. Disclaimer

How to Analyze Figures From Research Papers How to Analyze Figures from Research Papers Biology 601 fall 2006 Easton/Wadsworth. eastondp@buffalostate.edu wadswogj@buffalostate.edu. In order to effectively read research papers, one must be able to interpret the figures. Actually, if you just look at the figures and legends, you could almost read the paper without reading the body at all. What to Look for in Figures Figures usually represent the results of one or more experiments. A Short Checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In Class Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Individual Student Summaries Each student will be responsible for answering the final summary questions.

Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing | ORI - The Office of Research Integrity The purpose of this module is to help students, as well as professionals, identify and prevent questionable practices and to develop an awareness of ethical writing. This guide was written by Miguel Roig, PhD, from St. Johns University with funding from ORI. This module was originally created in 2003 and revised in 2006 and 2015. * Note: Self-plagiarism is NOT considered research misconduct in accordance to 42 CFR 93 This module is intended for educational purposes only. Disclaimer

Reading and Analyzing Research Papers Objective: Read a research paper and identify its contributions and limitations. Summarize the paper's contributions and limitations clearly, succinctly, and articulately. You can return to the review later and quickly refresh your memory about what the paper was about. Reading: What to Look For While reading a research paper, look for (and mark) the following key things: problem they're solving (how large is the problem? In addition, think about any limitations you see to their approach. After reading the paper, you'll summarize your findings in a review. Review Content Your review should contain the following information. Statement of the Problem/Goals In one sentence in your own words, state succinctly the overall problem being addressed in this paper. Technical Approach In a few sentences in your own words, what is the key insight of this group's approach to tackling the stated problem? Discussion/Critique How did the researchers evaluate their efforts? Submission

How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style by Chelsea Lee Perhaps the most common question we get about APA Style is “How do I cite a website?” or “How do I cite something I found on a website?” First, to cite a website in general, but not a specific document on that website, see this FAQ. Once you’re at the level of citing a particular page or document, the key to writing the reference list entry is to determine what kind of content the page has. What seems to flummox our readers is what to do when the content doesn’t fall into an easily defined area. Content in that egg white area may seem confusing to cite, but the template for references from this area is actually very simple, with only four pieces (author, date, title, and source): That format description in brackets is used only when the format is something out of the ordinary, such as a blog post or lecture notes; otherwise, it's not necessary. Examples of Online References Here’s an example where no author is identified in this online news article:

Your First Literature Review - Write a Literature Review - Research Guides at Virginia Commonwealth University A literature review is an essential component of every research project. Literature reviews ask: What do we know, or not know, about this particular issue/ topic/ subject? How well you answer this question depends upon: the effectiveness of your search for information the quality & reliability of the sources you choose your ability to synthesize the sources you select Literature reviews require “re-viewing” what credible scholars in the field have said, done, and found in order to help you: Identify what is currently known in your area of interest Establish an empirical/ theoretical/ foundation for your research Identify potential gaps in knowledge that you might fill Develop viable research questions and hypotheses Decide upon the scope of your research Demonstrate the importance of your research to the field A literature review is not a descriptive summary of what you found.

Columbia says historian's acclaimed book on North Korea was plagiarized; publisher says it's been taken out of print Charles Armstrong, Korea Foundation Professor of Korean Studies in the Social Sciences at Columbia University, plagiarized parts of his award-winning book on North Korea, Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950-1992. He’s currently on sabbatical and will retire at the end of 2020, the university told Armstrong’s colleagues this week. “These findings were made in accordance with our policy, which required a confidential preliminary review by an inquiry committee, an investigation by a separate ad hoc faculty committee, oversight and recommendations by the university’s standing Committee on the Conduct of Research, and final decisions by the executive vice president for research and the provost,” Maya Tolstoy, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, wrote in an email to professors that was obtained by Inside Higher Ed. Armstrong declined to comment. But the findings certainly aren’t a surprise to him or many others who study North Korea. Michael V.