Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina This page discusses the Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina since Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 and the declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992. Overview[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina faces the dual problem of rebuilding a war-torn country and introducing Neo-liberal market reforms to its former mixed economy. One legacy of the previous era is strong metal industry; under former republic premier Džemal Bijedić,and Yugoslav president Tito, metal industries were promoted in the republic, resulting in the development of a large share of Yugoslavia's metal industry plants. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM)- the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased. Macro-economic trend[edit] Present[edit] Sarajevo[edit]
History of Albania The territorial nucleus of the Albanian state formed in the Middle Ages, as the Principality of Arbër and the Sicilian dependency known as the Kingdom of Albania. The first records of the Albanian people as a distinct ethnicity also date to this period. The area was part of the Serbian Empire, passing to the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. The communist regime collapsed in 1990, and the former communist Party of Labour of Albania was routed in elections in March 1992, amid economic collapse and social unrest. Prehistory[edit] The first traces of human presence in Albania were found in the village Xarrë, near Sarandë and Mount Dajt near Tiranë dating to the Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic eras.[2] The objects found in a cave near Xarrë include flint and jasper objects and fossilized animal bones, while those found at Mount Dajt comprise bone and stone tools similar to those of the Aurignacian culture. Antiquity[edit] Illyrians[edit] Greeks[edit] Roman Era[edit] Middle Ages[edit]
Austria Travel Notes Short URL: - National Anthem of Austria. Austria, Österreich in German, is an Alpine country; once you get out of Vienna. Austria Travel Brochures. Quick Links About Austria, Austrian Cities, Austrian Culture, Austrian Media, Austrian Tourism, Austria Travel Guides, Budget Accommodation in Austria, Map of Austria, Regional Austria. Driving From Graz, Driving From Innsbruck, Driving From Salzburg, Driving From Vienna. Budget Airlines Countries neighbouring Austria are: Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Italy and Slovenia. Weather in Austria View a graphical weather forecast for the week ahead in places around Austria. The Danube runs across the north of the country, from Passau through Linz and Vienna and out towards Bratislava. Of Austria's numerous lakes, two of them form borders with her neighbours. There's also some cycle activity around the Neusiedlersee - Fertö, in Hungarian. Austrian Regions: Austria is divided into nine provinces.
History of East Timor East Timor is a country in Southeast Asia, officially known as Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. The country comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor and the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco. The first inhabitants are thought to be descendant of Australoid and Melanesian peoples. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975, but was invaded by neighboring Indonesia nine days later. Pre-colonial history[edit] The island of Timor was populated as part of the human migrations that have shaped Australasia more generally. Around 3000 BC, a second migration brought Melanesians. The later Timorese were not seafarers, rather they were land focussed peoples who did not make contact with other islands and peoples by sea. Early European explorers report that the island had a number of small chiefdoms or princedoms in the early 16th century. Portuguese rule[edit] Decolonisation, coup, and independence[edit] Parties compete, foreign powers take interest[edit]
US is no longer a full democracy, EIU warns America's score fell to 7.98 last year from 8.05 in 2015, below the 8.00 threshold for a full democracy, the EIU announced in a report on Wednesday. That put the world's largest economy on the same footing as Italy, a country known for its fractious politics. A flawed democracy is a country with free elections but weighed down by weak governance, an underdeveloped political culture and low levels of political participation, according to the EIU. Other flawed democracies in 2016 included Japan, France, Singapore, South Korea and India, the report said. However, Washington can't point fingers at President Donald Trump for the nation's downgrade. "The U.S. has been teetering on the brink of becoming a flawed democracy for several years, and even if there had been no presidential election in 2016, its score would have slipped below 8.00," the report explained. "Trust in political institutions is an essential component of well-functioning democracies.
History of Italy History of Italy can be said to have started in the 20th century BC, when earliest accounts record the presence of Italic peoples in present-day central Italy. Linguistically, they were divided into Oscans, Umbrians and Latins. Later the Latin culture became dominant, as Rome emerged as a powerful city-state around 350 BC. The Roman Empire later dominated Western Europe and the Mediterranean for many centuries, making immeasurable contributions to humanity. The new Kingdom of Italy, established in 1861, quickly modernized and built a large colonial empire, colonizing parts of Africa, and countries along the Mediterranean. In 1946, as a result of a Constitutional Referendum, the monarchy was abolished.[2] The new republic was proclaimed on 2 June 1946. Origins of the name[edit] The name "Italy" (Italia) can be traced back to ancient times for the peninsula, though it was initially designated for the region of the lower part of Southern Italy by Greek settlers. Prehistoric Italy[edit]
Constitución española de 1812 La Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española, más conocida como Constitución española de 1812 o Constitución de Cádiz,[2] conocida popularmente como la Pepa,[3][nota 1] fue promulgada por las Cortes Generales españolas reunidas extraordinariamente en Cádiz el 19 de marzo de 1812. Se le ha otorgado una gran importancia histórica por tratarse de la primera Constitución promulgada en España,[nota 2] además de ser una de las más liberales de su tiempo. Oficialmente estuvo en vigor solo dos años, desde su promulgación hasta su derogación en Valencia el 4 de mayo de 1814, tras el regreso a España del borbón Fernando VII.[5] Posteriormente se volvió a aplicar desde el 8 de marzo de 1820, cuando en Madrid (España), Fernando VII es obligado a jurar la Constitución española de 1812, estando vigente durante el Trienio Liberal (1820-1823), así como durante un breve período en 1836-1837, bajo el gobierno progresista que preparaba la Constitución de 1837. Historia[editar] Notas[editar]
Constitutions of the World Online - Country list Argentina National Constitution (1810) [work in progress]Provincial Regulations (1811) Provisions (1811) [work in progress]Provisional Statute for the Government (1811) Draft of a Constitution (1811) Draft of a Constitution (1 of 4), General Assembly (1813) Draft of a Constitution (2 of 4) of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, Special Comission (1813) [work in progress]Draft of a Constitution (3 of 4), Patriotic Society (1813) Draft of a Constitution (1813) (4 of 4) Provisional Statute (1815) Draft of a Constitution (1815) Provisional Statute (1816) Provisional Regulations (1817) Constitution of the United Provinces of South America (1819) Fundamental Law (1825) Constitution (1826) Treaty of Alliance of Buenos Aires, Santa-Fe, and Entre-Rios (1831) Buenos Aires Draft of a Constitution (1833) [work in progress] Catamarca Constitution (1823) [work in progress] Córdoba Provisional Regulation (1821) [work in progress]Provisional Constitution (1847) Corrientes Entre Rios Jujuy Mendoza Salta San Juan San Luís Cuba
A ‘Hidden portal’ to another world—a ‘Secret’ underground Cave in Vietnam This cave is probably beyond anything you’ve ever come across! It’s mesmerizing, it’s mysterious, it’s beautiful and magical. Discovered—or better said rediscovered—in 1990 by a man traveling through the jungles of the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Ho Khanh was searching the area for timber and food in order to make money in order to survive. Little did he know that his search for food and timber would take him to uncover a magical, otherworldly place. Ho Khanh explored the place as best as he could but eventually went back home. Eventually, members of the British Cave Research Association (BCRA), Howard and Deb Limbert were exploring Phong Nha, conducting exploratory missions in the area. One day they spoke to Khanh who mentioned the mesmerizing cave he had come across. The British Cave explores were fascinated by what Khanh had told them and urged him to try and rediscover it once again. The cave is massive. The interior of the cave is unlike anything you’ve ever seen. [mashshare]
Goldman-Sachs Caught Manipulating US Dollar -- No One Arrested, Slap on Wrist Instead The same company that paid Hillary Clinton nearly $700,000, for three one-hour speeches, has now been ordered to pay a nine-figure sum for currency market manipulation. Goldman-Sachs was ordered to pay 120 million, “to settle charges that it often tried to manipulate a global dollar benchmark for interest rate products over a five-year period,” according to Reuters. The investment corporation was levied the “civil penalty to settle charges that it often tried to manipulate a global dollar benchmark for interest rate products over a five-year period,” the report states. Citing the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s report, Reuters stated Goldman-Sachs engaged in its illegal activity in an attempt to “manipulate the U.S. Dollar International Swaps and Derivatives Association Fix benchmark,” and was ordered to cease from doing so in the future by taking measures to prevent a recurrence. Goldman-Sachs is just the latest in a series of intentional missteps by investment firms.
Homo Gastronomicus Hitler bodyguard Rochus Misch dies at 96 BERLIN (AP) — He was Adolf Hitler's devoted bodyguard for most of World War II and the last remaining witness to the Nazi leader's final hours in his Berlin bunker. To the very end, SS Staff Sgt. Rochus Misch was proud of it all. For years, he accompanied Hitler nearly everywhere he went, sticking by the man he affectionately called "boss" until the dictator and his wife, Eva Braun, killed themselves as defeat at the hands of the Allies drew nearer. Even in his later years, during a 2005 interview with The Associated Press in which he recounted Hitler's claustrophobic, chaotic final days, Misch still cut the image of an SS man. "He was no brute. The 96-year-old Misch died Thursday, one of the last of a generation that bears direct responsibility for German brutality during World War II. "That was never a topic," he said emphatically. In the AP interview, he appeared to have little empathy for those he did not directly know, and even for some he did. View gallery
Thomas Moore Keesick more than just a face | Regina Leader-Post Thomas Moore Keesick may not have had a long life — but his legacy lives on as the face of Indian residential schools. Louise BigEagle, a local filmmaker, has created what she considers the first draft of a documentary on the boy. On Aug. 26, 1891, an eight-year-old Moore enrolled in the Regina Indian Industrial School along with his brother Samuel and his sister Julia. He was the 22nd student registered in the school, which operated from 1891 to 1910 and he became known as No. 22. The project came about because BigEagle was curious about the person behind the iconic image. “Even when you Google Indian residential schools, his name will pop up with the picture of his before and after of entering the school,” said BigEagle. The documentary became a yearlong journey of disappointment and discovery. Moore was from the Muscowpetung Saulteaux First Nation, located about 45 minutes northeast of Regina and was the youngest child of Paul Desjarlais Sr. and Hannah Moore Keesick. kbenjoe@postmedia.com