The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin, Stanovich PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Staring into the Darwinian AbyssWhy Jerry Falwell Is RightThe Replicators and the VehiclesWhat Kind of Robot Is a Person?Whose Goals Are Served by Our Behavior?All Vehicles Overboard! Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. NotesReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index Science & Environment - Why Gladwell’s 10,000-hour rule is wrong There’s no magic number for becoming a world-beater, says science writer David Bradley, just ask the psychologist whose research formed the basis of the popular idea. Being exceptional at something is often attributed to one’s genes. Talent is passed down from parents or grandparents it seems, whether it is musical or artistic skill, ability with numbers or being great at juggling. However, many people now recognise that talent is learned and earned through extended and intense practice of a skill. This idea is encapsulated in a golden rule made popular by the writer Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers. In essence, Ericsson’s theory suggests that sufficient practice in a particular skill can take anyone to a proficiency level equivalent to that of a top classical musician. Ericsson and his colleagues discovered a similar pattern in professional and amateur pianists. Fab formula? To notch up 10,000 hours would require about 90 minutes of practice every day for 20 years.
The Willpower Trick | Wired Science January is the month of broken resolutions. The gyms are packed for a week, Jenny Craig is full of new recruits and houses are cleaned for the first time in ages. We pledge to finally become the person we want to be: svelte, neat and punctual. Alas, it doesn’t take long before the stairmasters are once again sitting empty and those same dirty T-shirts are piling up at the back of the closet. We start binging on pizza and beer — sorry, Jenny — and forget about that pledge to become a kinder, gentler person. Human habits, in other words, are stubborn things, which helps explain why 88 percent of all resolutions end in failure, according to a 2007 survey of over 3,000 people conducted by the British psychologist Richard Wiseman. The reason our resolutions end in such dismal fashion returns us to the single most important fact about human willpower — it’s incredibly feeble. Here’s where the results get weird. Is there a way out of this willpower trap? The same lesson applies to adults.
claes f janssen I am a Swedish psychologist and writer. I am not completely unknown abroad. At an international conference in Mazatlan, Mexico, in 1996, I shook hands with a woman who asked me, when she heard my name: »Are you The Four Rooms of Change? That felt good. Think Twice: Harnessing the Power of Counterintuition There are now many good books available on why we make errors in judgment and decision making. This book represents Michael Mauboussin's contribution to this genre, and I think he has done a good job in pulling together a lot of information from a diverse range of credible sources. The information he presents has broad application, though he has a slight emphasis on business and investing applications (his own area of specialization). The book is also a fairly easy and quick read. Perhaps the best way to describe the content of the book is to summarize the key points, roughly in the order they appear in the book: (1) "Think twice" to avoid errors in judgment and decision making, especially in situations where stakes are high. (2) Learn from the experiences of others in similar situations (making use of statistics when possible), rather than relying only on your own perspective, and don't be excessively optimistic about expecting to beat the odds.
Questionário Fatorial de Personalidade | Cegoc Questionário constituído por 185 itens que avaliam um total de 16 dimensões primárias: AfabilidadeRaciocínioEstabilidadeDominânciaAnimaçãoAtenção às normasAtrevimentoSensibilidadeVigilânciaAbstraçãoPrivacidadeApreensãoAbertura à mudançaAutosuficiênciaPerfecionismoTensão A combinação destes traços permite a obtenção de resultados para 5 fatores de segunda ordem, identificados como dimensões globais: ExtroversãoAnsiedadeDurezaIndependênciaAutoControlo Uma análise mais detalhada do perfil de resultados permite retirar informações quanto ao potencial de liderança, à criatividade, à empatia, às competências sociais, à autoestima e à capacidade de adaptação/ajustamento do sujeito. O questionário inclui três escalas de validação, identificadas como ‘estilos de respostas’: Manipulação da Imagem, Infrequência e Aquiescência. O 16PF-5 é uma medida de largo espetro da personalidade normal e com uma vasta área de utilização (escolar, clínica, orientação, organizacional e investigação).
Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory - Green, Donald; Shapiro, Ian Donald Green and Ian Shapiro This is the first comprehensive critical evaluation of the use of rational choice theory in political science. Writing in an accessible and nontechnical style, Donald P. Green and Ian Shapiro assess rational choice theory where it is reputed to be most successful: the study of collective action, the behavior of political parties and politicians, and such phenomena as voting cycles and Prisoner's Dilemmas. Donald P.
Thinking Space | Ben Burbage Thinking is something that has become more of a chore than a habit in this fast paced day and age. Most of our processes are duplicates of previous actions, “We’ve been here before, we’ll do what worked last time.” Leaving us feeling edgeless and trapped. Awakening your thinking powers has automatic effects on your life: It allows for growth and heightens your problem solving abilities. Thinking brings out the best in your inherent intelligence and your emotional intelligence will reveal itself. There are three main forms of thinking: Reflective, Creative and Critical. As dazzling as this may seem, it’s simple to make sense of it. The beauty of reflective thinking is that it requires you to do nothing and to refrain from straining. Creative, or lateral thinking is looking at things in a ‘non-linear’ way. For example, your company is trying to improve it’s cash flow. Critical thinking is the probing and examination of problems and ideas, usually in a questioning manner.
How to Dispel Your Illusions by Freeman Dyson Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 499 pp., $30.00 In 1955, when Daniel Kahneman was twenty-one years old, he was a lieutenant in the Israeli Defense Forces. Kahneman had a bachelor’s degree in psychology and had read a book, Clinical vs. A famous example confirming Meehl’s conclusion is the “Apgar score,” invented by the anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar in 1953 to guide the treatment of newborn babies. Having read the Meehl book, Kahneman knew how to improve the Israeli army interviewing system. Reflecting fifty years later on his experience in the Israeli army, Kahneman remarks in Thinking, Fast and Slow that it was not unusual in those days for young people to be given big responsibilities. Cognitive illusions are the main theme of his book. An episode from my own past is curiously similar to Kahneman’s experience in the Israeli army. System Two is the slow process of forming judgments based on conscious thinking and critical examination of evidence.
The story of the self Memory is our past and future. To know who you are as a person, you need to have some idea of who you have been. And, for better or worse, your remembered life story is a pretty good guide to what you will do tomorrow. It's no surprise, then, that there is fascination with this quintessentially human ability. This is quite a trick, psychologically speaking, and it has made cognitive scientists determined to find out how it is done. When you ask people about their memories, they often talk as though they were material possessions, enduring representations of the past to be carefully guarded and deeply cherished. We know this from many different sources of evidence. Even highly emotional memories are susceptible to distortion. What accounts for this unreliability? When we look at how memories are constructed by the brain, the unreliability of memory makes perfect sense. One of the most interesting writers on memory, Virginia Woolf, shows this process in action.
Ego Depletion The Misconception: Willpower is just a metaphor. The Truth: Willpower is a finite resource. Forever Alone by Lysgaard(Source: Lysgaard) In 2005, a team of psychologists made a group of college students feel like scum. The researchers invited the undergraduates into their lab and asked the students to just hang out for a while and get to know each other. The setting was designed to simulate a casual meet-and-greet atmosphere, you know, like a reception or an office Christmas party – the sort of thing that never really feels all that casual? The students divided into same-sex clusters of about six people each and chatted for 20 minutes using conversation starters provided by the researchers. The researchers – Roy F. The scientists individually told the members of one group of randomly selected people, “everyone chose you as someone they’d like to work with.” This was the actual experiment – measuring cookie consumption based on social acceptance. Freud in 1885(Source: Wikimedia Commons)