Machu Picchu Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Machu Picchu (du quechua machu : vieille, et pikchu : montagne, sommet)[note 1] est une ancienne cité inca du XVe siècle au Pérou, perchée sur un promontoire rocheux qui unit les monts Machu Picchu et Huayna Picchu sur le versant oriental des Andes centrales. Son nom aurait été Pikchu ou Picho[1]. Selon des documents du XVIe siècle, trouvés par l'archéologue italien Lucas Pittavino, Machu Picchu aurait été une des résidences de l’empereur Pachacútec. Abandonnée lors de l’effondrement de l'empire inca, Machu Picchu, la ville sacrée oubliée durant des siècles, est considérée comme une œuvre maîtresse de l’architecture inca. Localisation[modifier | modifier le code] Situation des ruines de Machu Picchu, dans le Cañón del Urubamba Le site se trouve à l’est de la Cordillère des Andes, aux limites de la forêt amazonienne[note 2] situé au Pérou (province d'Urubamba), à cent trente kilomètres de Cuzco[note 3]. Accès[modifier | modifier le code]
Machu Picchu History The citadel of Machu Picchu has had several periods of occupation. Taken from the chronicles, the construction style and ceramics found has deducted the following: Initial Period: 1300 ADClassic Period: 1400 ADImperial Period: 1533 ADTransition Period: 1533-1572 AD Read more about Machu Picchu History: The Story of Machu Picchu Most modern archaeologists and historians agree that Machu Picchu was built by the Inca Pachacutec, the greatest statesman of Tahuantinsuyo (what the Inca called their expansive empire), who ruled from 1438 to 1471. The construction of Machu Picchu began around the time the Inca began to expand their territory across the continent. Inca Pachacutec was the first to emerge beyond the valley of Cusco after his epic victory over the Chancas. The origin of Machu Picchu is attributed with some certainty to Pachacutec. Its strategic location was chosen with admirable success. Rediscovery The archaeological work was carried out from 1912 to 1915. Is Machu Picchu a Ruin?
Civilisation inca Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Extension maximale de l'empire inca et de ses quatre régions principales Elle est à l'origine de l'empire inca, l'un des trois grands empires de l'Amérique précolombienne, qui avait pour chef suprême le Sapa Inca. L'une des grandes singularités de cet empire fut d'avoir intégré, dans une organisation étatique originale, la multiplicité socioculturelle des populations hétérogènes qui le composaient. Histoire[modifier | modifier le code] Héritage des civilisations précédentes[modifier | modifier le code] Premiers peuplements[modifier | modifier le code] Civilisation Chavín[modifier | modifier le code] Extension de la culture Chavín (gris foncé) et de son influence (gris clair) Le développement de l'agriculture entraîna des changements sociaux importants : la population explose, des villes apparaissent et une élite religieuse se crée[Favre 2]. Tiwanaku et Huari[modifier | modifier le code] Empire Chimú[modifier | modifier le code]
Machu Picchu | National Geographic On the morning of July 24, 1911, an enterprising lecturer-explorer from Yale University set off in a cold drizzle to investigate rumors of ancient Inca ruins in Peru. The explorer chopped his way through thick jungle, crawled across a "bridge" of slender logs bound together with vines, and crept through underbrush hiding venomous fer-de-lance pit vipers. Two hours into the hike, the explorer and his two escorts came across a grass-covered hut. A pair of local farmers walked them a short way before handing them over to a small boy. What Bingham saw was a dramatic and towering citadel of stone cut from escarpments. Certainly, what he saw was awe-invoking. Machu Picchu is formed of buildings, plazas, and platforms connected by narrow lanes or paths. The Wrong "Lost City" Bingham's discovery was published in the April 1913 issue of National Geographic magazine, bringing the mountaintop citadel to the world's attention. So what then was this city that Bingham had revealed? Modern Theories Dr.
Machu Picchu Machu Picchu is an Inca settlement located in the High Andes of Peru in the Urubamba Valley, north of Cuzco. The site, perched high above the Urubamba river, has been variously described as a fortress, imperial retreat and ceremonial precinct. It was founded by Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui in c. 1450 CE, had capacity for around 1,000 residents at its peak, and ranked amongst the most sacred of all sites for the Inca. Purpose Machu Picchu (meaning 'old hill') was an imperial estate founded by and belonging to Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the Inca ruler, in the mid-15th century CE. Another hypothesis concerning the site posed by early historians was that Machu Picchu was a fortress and the strong walls, large towers, and dry moats were cited in support of this theory. Materials & Layout Machu Picchu is a fine example of the Inca practice of shaping architecture around the natural terrain. Rock was a material the Incas had special reverence for. Architecture
Machu Picchu 15th-century Inca citadel in Peru The Inca civilization had no written language and following the first encounter by the Spanish soldier Baltasar Ocampo, no Europeans are recorded to have visited the site from the late 16th century until the 19th century. As far as historical knowledge extends, there are no existing written records detailing the site during its period of active use. The leading theory is that Machu Picchu was a private city for Incan royalty. Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1982 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.[9] In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide internet poll.[17] The site is on a narrow saddle between two mountain peaks, Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu. Machu Picchu was previously believed (by Richard L. A consensus among archaeologists is that Pachacutec ordered the construction of the royal estate for his use as a retreat, most likely after a successful military campaign.
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu Machu Picchu stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 Sanctuaire historique de Machu Picchu À 2 430 m d'altitude, dans un site montagneux d'une extraordinaire beauté, au milieu d'une forêt tropicale, Machu Picchu a probablement été la création urbaine la plus stupéfiante de l'Empire inca à son apogée : murailles, terrasses et rampes gigantesques sculptent les escarpements rocheux dont elles paraissent le prolongement. معابد ماشو بيتشو التاريخيّة 马丘比丘古神庙 马丘比丘古庙位于一座非常美丽的高山上，海拔2430 米，为热带丛林所包围。 マチュ・ピチュの歴史保護区