Hebrew Alphabet
The Hebrew and Yiddish languages use a different alphabet than English. The picture below illustrates the Hebrew alphabet, in Hebrew alphabetical order. Note that Hebrew is written from right to left, rather than left to right as in English, so Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet and Tav is the last. The Hebrew alphabet is often called the "alefbet," because of its first two letters. Letters of the Alefbet Table 1: The Hebrew Alphabet If this sounds like Greek to you, you're not far off! The "Kh" and the "Ch" are pronounced as in German or Scottish, a throat clearing noise, not as the "ch" in "chair." Note that there are two versions of some letters. Vowels and Points Like most early Semitic alphabetic writing systems, the alefbet has no vowels. However, as Hebrew literacy declined, particularly after the Romans expelled the Jews from Israel, the rabbis recognized the need for aids to pronunciation, so they developed a system of dots and dashes called nikkud (points).
Hebrew Glossary
Then name Ashkenaz (Bereishit 10:3) has since the 10th century been identified with Germany. As the German and French Jews of the medieval period formed a uniform group in culture and religious customs, they were all referred to as Ashkenazim in contradistinction to the Sefardim or Spanish- Portuguese Jews. Ashkenazim are the people who use Nusach Ashkenaz, the prayer arrangement adopted by the medieval Franco-German Jews, including certain variations described as belonging to the Polish custom (Minhag Polin). In the 18th century, the Chasidic movement adopted the Sefardic arrangement of prayers; hence, the Chasidim have been called Sefardim on many occasions. The Ashkenazim in Eastern Europe developed an intense religious life, disseminating Talmudic scholarship among the people to a degree never before surpassed in Jewish history. Chasidim and Mithnaggedim and followers of the Haskalah movement (Maskilim) presented a changing pattern of types, trends and ideologies.
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Bible Encyclopedia: Jonah
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary Jonah or Jonas, a dove; he that oppresses; destroyer Smith's Bible Dictionary (dove), the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. (2 Kings 14:25) He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam II., about B.C. 820. ATS Bible Dictionary One of the minor prophets, was a native of Gath-hepher, in Zebulun, 2 Kings 14:25. The literal truth of the narrative is established by our Savior's repeated quotations, Matthew 12:39-41 16:4 Luke 11:29-32. Easton's Bible Dictionary A dove, the son of Amittai of Gath-hepher. Jonah, Book of This book professes to give an account of what actually took place in the experience of the prophet. Jonah and his story is referred to by our Lord (Matthew 12:39, 40; Luke 11:29), a fact to which the greatest weight must be attached. There is every reason to believe that this book was written by Jonah himself. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (n.) International Standard Bible Encyclopedia I.
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The Freewill Defense (St. Augustine of Hippo) | That Religious Studies Website
Information: Part 2 of a review of Augustine of Hippo's freewill defense. Click here to read The freewill defense (St. Augustine of Hippo): Part 1. Before reading this article you may find it useful to read The problem of evil and suffering: An introduction. A version of this article was originally published on the website www.faithnet.org.uk. Natural evil and the principle of plenitude Our having freewill can explain the presence of moral evil in the world (brought about by human mis-choices), but what about the seemingly vast amount of natural evil present in the world (e.g. earthquakes, tornadoes, disease etc.)? Natural evil is associated with things such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and other similar types of events, which are although not directly caused by humans, may cause them harm and suffering. This is also a view of things found in the Bible. However, for Augustine the presence of natural evil in the world was explained by something called the principle of plentitude.
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