Maternal Deprivation Theory

The Birth of Attachment Theory | This Emotional Life John Bowlby began his clinical observations of attachment behavior in the 1960s while working in a home for maladjusted boys. Two relationships in particular profoundly impacted his subsequent theorizing on the importance of the early, primary relationship between the infant and the mother. Based on his experiences with two boys who had distressing relationships with their mothers, Bowlby posited that early disruption in the mother-infant dyad was a key contributor to subsequent psychical disorders. Additionally, Bowlby noted children who were exposed to prolonged periods of deprivation, were essentially “affectionless” (Bowlby, 1979, p. 8; Fonagy, 2001). Bowlby (1980) observed, in this population of affectionless children, signs of what he termed “partial deprivation” and “complete deprivation” (p. 9). As a consequence of various relational behaviors that Bowlby witnessed in his clinical work, he emphasized the survival value of attachment. Sources Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1980).

Heathcliff- The Villain of Wuthering Heights | villainsinliterature Another post on this blog has suggested that the character of Heathcliff in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights should not be considered the villain of the novel. He is just a confused man, enraptured by passion. I entirely disagree, to the point where this blog post is a rebuttal of the previous one. Wuthering Heights is not a novel full of likeable characters by any means. I found it impossible to feel any sympathy for anyone as the story progressed. If anything, it is Heathcliff’s actions which make him a completely reprehensible character. It is not just his actions that make Heathcliff a despicable person. In conclusion, it should be very difficult for someone to actually feel any real sympathy towards Heathcliff. Like this: Like Loading...

Secure Attachment & Bonding: Understanding the Different Ways of Bonding and Communicating With Your Child Understanding the Different Ways of Bonding and Communicating With Your Child Why is the attachment bond so important? A landmark report, published in 2000 by The Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development, identified how crucial the attachment bond is to a child’s development. This form of communication affects the way your child develops mentally, physically, intellectually, emotionally, and socially. A secure attachment bond ensures that your child will feel secure, understood, and be calm enough to experience optimal development of his or her nervous system. Developing a secure attachment bond between you and your child, and giving your child the best start in life, does not require you to be a perfect parent. Your baby needs more than love As a parent or primary caretaker for your infant, you can follow all the traditional parenting guidelines, provide doting, around-the-clock care for your baby, and yet still not achieve a secure attachment bond.

John Bowlby Biography John Bowlby Is Best Known For: Born: Death: Bowlby’s Early Life: John Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle class family. Bowlby went on to attend Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied psychology and spent time working with delinquent children. After becoming a psychoanalyst in 1937, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II. Bowlby’s Career: Bowlby’s early work with children led him to develop a strong interest in the subject of child development. In 1949, the World Health Organization commissioned Bowlby to write a report on the mental health of homeless children in Europe. After the publication of the influential report, Bowlby continued to develop his attachment theory. The central theme of attachment theory is that mothers who are available and responsive to their infant's needs establish a sense of security. Contributions to Psychology: Selected Publications by John Bowlby: Bowlby, J. (1946). Bowlby, J. (1958). Bowlby, J. (1968). Bowlby, J. (1973).

Ghosts in Wuthering Heights We're not exactly talking about Gryffindor Tower's Nearly Headless Nick here, but there are definitely some haunting figures in Wuthering Heights. It is important to note, though, that Brontë's ghosts are ambiguous entities and may have logical, rather than supernatural, explanations. Take Catherine's ghost at the beginning. In many ways the ghosts in Wuthering Heights symbolize a lack of closure for the lovers. At the end of the novel, Nelly Dean tells Lockwood that the "country folks would swear on their Bible [the ghost of Heathcliff] walks," and they report having seen him "near the church, and on the moor, and even within this house" (34.99). So what's the verdict on the ghosts?

Attachment Theory: How Early Attachments Shape Behavior Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people, particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. What is Attachment? Attachment is an emotional bond to another person. Psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist, describing attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings." Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. He suggested attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival. The central theme of attachment theory is that primary caregivers who are available and responsive to an infant's needs allow the child to develop a sense of security. Ainsworth's "Strange Situation" In her 1970's research, psychologist Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowlby's original work. Why Attachment Matters References

Home | The John Bowlby CentreThe John Bowlby Centre | Promoting Attachment & Inclusion based Psychotherapy History of Persecution - Persecution Prior to the 20th Century Gypsies in Europe - pre 20th Century Persecution Prior to the 20th Century Germany The Gypsies first appeared in Germany in 1407. The first anti-Gypsy law was passed (the first of 48 such laws between then and 1774). The Gypsies were driven out of Frankfurt-am-Main by force. The Reichstag meetings in Frelbourg and landau accused the Gypsies of being foreign spies, carriers of plague and traitors to Christendom, practising witchcraft, banditry and cannibalism. All Gypsies were ordered out of Germany by Emperor Maximilian and by the same law they could be killed with impunity. They were banished from Saxony. The Gypsies were deprived of travel documents in Augsburg. 1531 and Saxony 1579 and banished. Death penalty for Gypsies found in Saxony 1661, Mainz 1714 and Prussia 1725. Norway Law stating that Gypsies had to be arrested, their property confiscated, the leaders killed and the rest expelled. These decrees stayed in force until 1845. 1845 onwards Nomadism forbidden and Traveller trades banned.

Bowlby Emily Bronte Emily Bronte (1818-1849), English author and one of the famed Bronte sisters wrote Wuthering Heights (1847); Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you—haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe—I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. First published under Emily’s pseudonym Ellis Bell, the combination of its structure and elements of passion, mystery and doomed love as well as social commentary have made Wuthering Heights an enduring masterpiece. Emily Bronte was born on 30 July 1818 at 74 Market Street in Thornton, Bradford, Yorkshire, England. In 1824, Emily, with her four sisters entered the Clergy Daughter’s School at Cowan Bridge, near Kirkby Lonsdale. And if I pray, the only prayerThat moves my lips for meIs, ‘Leave the heart that now I bear,And give me liberty!’ Biography written by C. The above biography is copyrighted.