The Science of Overpopulation

Could China’s population start falling? - BBC Future This means that while there are currently 100 working-age people available to support every 20 elderly people, by 2100, 100 working-age Chinese will have to support as many as 120 elderly Chinese. The annual average decline of 1.73% in China's working-age population sets the scene for much lower economic growth, unless productivity advances rapidly. Higher labour costs, driven by the rapidly shrinking labour force, are set to push low-margin, labour-intensive manufacturing out of China to labour-abundant countries such as Vietnam, Bangladesh and India. Already, manufacturing labour costs in China are twice as high as in Vietnam. At the same time, China will be required to direct more of its productive resources to provision of health, medical and aged-care services to meet the demands of an increasingly elderly population. For resource-exporting nations such as Australia, these changes are likely to require a reorientation of exports towards manufacturers outside China.

Welcome to Recycle City | Recycle City | U.S. EPA You are Dumptown's new City Manager! When you begin, you'll see Dumptown at its worst — it's littered, polluted, and nothing is being recycled or reused. There's more to Recycle City than just sightseeing! Try some of these activities. Chinese birthrate falls to a new low | China China’s birthrate has plummeted to the lowest level seen in official annual data covering the period from 2020 back to 1978, as the government struggles to stave off a looming demographic crisis. Figures released by the country’s national bureau of statistics show there were 8.5 births per 1,000 people in 2020, the first time in decades that the figure has fallen below 10. In 1978, the figure was more than 18 per 1,000. The statistical yearbook, released at the weekend, said the natural rate of population growth – taking in births and deaths – was also at a new low of 1.45. The government is under pressure to prevent a potential population decline after decades of interventionist policies on childbirth and more recent pressures including high living costs. It did not give reasons for the dramatic drop, but demographers have previously pointed to the relatively low number of women of child-bearing age and the rising cost of raising a family. Additional reporting by Xiaoqian Zhu

CarbonKids Educational Resources CarbonKids is a program for schools committed to tackling climate change. The educational resources offer a range of ideas and activities for the early, primary and middle years of schooling and enable students to achieve outcomes set out in State and Territory curriculum frameworks. 10 August 2010 | Updated 29 October 2012 The units and complementary materials have been developed to assist students in developing an understanding of: climate change and its impact on society and environments the interrelationship between the greenhouse emissions, the environment and our society how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in schools and local communities the role of forest biodiversity and biosequestration in addressing climate change how to adopt a sustainable lifestyle and take action to tackle climate change. The educational resources are designed to be integrated into key learning areas in the Curriculum of Australian Schools. For more information, visit CarbonKids. Units New releases

The World's Population Density by Latitude Map Explainer: Key Facts About Ukraine The modern state of Ukraine was formed nearly 30 years ago after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since then, the country has often made headlines due to political instability and the looming threat of a Russian invasion. In the map graphic above, we examine Ukraine from a structural point of view. What’s the country’s population composition? What drives the country’s economy? Where Do People Live in Ukraine? With a population of nearly 44 million people, Ukraine is the eighth-most populous country in Europe. As the cartogram below demonstrates, a large portion of the country’s population is located in and around the capital Kyiv, along with the Donetsk region—which is front and center in the current conflict with Russia. Not surprisingly, many of the country’s Russian speaking citizens live on the eastern side of the country, near the Russian border. Key Facts About Ukraine’s Demographics Other minorities include: Ukraine’s Economy: An Overview

Birthrates are declining globally – here's why it matters Birthrates are falling globally. In many countries, COVID-19 has suppressed population growth by causing a decline in births, migration and life expectancy. Even before the pandemic, urbanization was driving population decline. At the end of May, the Chinese Government announced that parents in China would now be permitted to have up to three children. This announcement came only five years after the stunning reversal of the 1980 one-child policy. Something is clearly going on. That something is that China has experienced a fertility collapse. That’s right: 600 and 700 million people, or about half of its total population today. China’s population changes are not unique among the superpowers. You can also add the world’s second-most populous country, India, to the list of low-fertility countries, with a birthrate at replacement rate (2.1). There are still big countries with high birthrates, such as Pakistan (3.4) and Nigeria (5.1). The role of COVID-19 in declining birthrates

India states considering two-child policy and incentives for sterilisation | India Several Indian states are considering implementing a controversial two-child policy and incentivising sterilisation as a means of population control. The state of Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state with a population larger than Brazil, has announced draft legislation which would see anyone with more than two children denied state benefits, subsidies and government jobs. After a family has two children, there will also be incentives if one of the parents undergoes voluntary sterilisation. The bill was put forward by the Uttar Pradesh state government, controlled by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), who also rule the central government. The state government said the bill was due to the “limited ecological and economic resources at hand” which mad it “necessary and urgent that the provision of the basic necessities of human life are accessible to all citizen”. A similar trend of decline is being seen across India.

IB DP Geography UNIT 1: CHANGING POPULATION - THE GEOGRAPHER ONLINE How has the world population grown? Why has the world's population grown? Practice question Population pyramids Population calculations Population momentum and Doubling timePopulation momentum refers to the lag period before the rate of natural increase or decrease affects population growth. Detailed examples of countries Megacities EXTENDED viewing on Megacities Shenzhen - Megacity ​Describe the location of Shenzhen, and explain why this location has been an important factor in the city’s growth.​Why are Shenzhen’s official population statistics thought to under-estimate the real population size? ​ migration Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Discuss and explore some of the migrations patterns in the world. A Basic Overview of Why People Migrate:​People migrate for many different reasons. Forced Migration What is Forced Migration? Syria