Carlo Scarpa
Castelvecchio, stairs by Carlo Scarpa Castelvecchio, by Carlo Scarpa Carlo Scarpa (June 2, 1906 – November 28, 1978), was an Italian architect, influenced by the materials, landscape, and the history of Venetian culture, and Japan.[1] Scarpa was also a glass and furniture designer of note. Biography[edit] Scarpa was born in Venice. However, Scarpa refused to sit the pro forma professional exam administrated by the Italian Government after World War II. His architecture is deeply sensitive to the changes of time, from seasons to history, rooted in a sensuous material imagination. One of his last projects, left incomplete at the time of his death, was recently altered (October 2006) by his son Tobia: the Villa Palazzetto in Monselice. In 1978, while in Sendai, Japan, Scarpa died after falling down a flight of concrete stairs. Notable works[edit] References[edit] Bibliography[edit] Francesco Dal Co; Giuseppe Mazzariol (2002). External links[edit]
Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School,[1] who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture. Early life[edit] Born in Berlin, Walter Gropius was the third child of Walter Adolph Gropius and Manon Auguste Pauline Scharnweber (1855-1933). Early career (1908–1914)[edit] Walter Gropius, like his father and his great-uncle Martin Gropius before him, became an architect. Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on collaborators and partner-interpreters throughout his career. In 1913, Gropius published an article about "The Development of Industrial Buildings," which included about a dozen photographs of factories and grain elevators in North America. Bauhaus period (1919–1932)[edit] Bauhaus (built 1925–1926) in Dessau, Germany Gropius's career advanced in the postwar period. Post Bauhaus (1933–1945)[edit] Death[edit]
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect.[1] He is commonly referred to and was addressed as Mies, his surname. Along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture. Mies, like many of his post-World War I contemporaries, sought to establish a new architectural style that could represent modern times just as Classical and Gothic did for their own eras. Early career[edit] Mies was born in Aachen, Germany. His talent was quickly recognized and he soon began independent commissions, despite his lack of a formal college-level education. He began his independent professional career designing upper-class homes, joining the movement seeking a return to the purity of early nineteenth-century Germanic domestic styles. Personal[edit] Traditionalism to Modernism[edit] Significance and meaning[edit] Career in the United States[edit]
Louis Kahn
From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania. Kahn created a style that was monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Louis Kahn's works are considered as monumental beyond modernism. Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Jesse Oser House, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (1940) Louis Kahn, whose original name was Itze-Leib (Leiser-Itze) Schmuilowsky (Schmalowski), was born into a poor Jewish family in Pärnu,[citation needed] Estonia and spent his early childhood in Kuressaare on the island of Saaremaa. In 1906, his family emigrated to the United States, as they feared that his father would be recalled into the military during the Russo-Japanese War. Career[edit] Kahn trained at the University of Pennsylvania in a rigorous Beaux-Arts tradition, with its emphasis on drawing. Louis Kahn's Salk Institute Legacy and honors[edit] Death[edit] Designs[edit]
Marcel Breuer
Marcel Lajos Breuer (pronounced BROY-ər ;22 May 1902 – 1 July 1981), was a Hungarian-born modernist, architect and furniture designer of Jewish descent. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer extended the sculptural vocabulary he had developed in the carpentry shop at the Bauhaus into a personal architecture that made him one of the world’s most popular architects at the peak of 20th-Century design. Life and work[edit] Known to his friends and associates as Lajkó (the diminutive of his middle name and pronounced LOY-ko), Breuer left his hometown at the age of 18 in search of artistic training and was one of the first and youngest students at the Bauhaus– a radical arts and crafts school that Walter Gropius had founded in Weimar just after the first World War. He was recognized by Gropius as a significant talent and was quickly put at the head of the Carpentry Shop. (Gropius was to remain a life-long mentor for his junior by 19 years.) Works (partial list)[edit] Pirelli Tire Building, 1969
