Théorie intégrale Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La théorie intégrale, appelée aussi la conception intégrale ou encore la philosophie intégrale de Aurobindo Ghose, Jean Gebser, Ken Wilber et d'autres, est une conception du monde qui essaye de déployer et de donner une vue d'ensemble de l'être humain et du monde, en intégrant les pensées et philosophies de l'Orient, de l'Occident ainsi que des connaissances spirituelles et scientifiques. L'adjectif « intégral » a été utilisé pour la première fois dans un contexte spirituel par Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950), afin de décrire ses propres enseignements, appelés Purna Yoga (sanskrit : Yoga complet). Rudolf Steiner parlait également de l'évolution intégrale, fondateur de l'anthroposophie et des écoles Waldorf, il a utilisé ce terme afin de faire une comparaison avec la théorie de Darwin qui se limite aux évolutions physiques de l'être vivant et qui ne parle pas de l'évolution spirituelle de l'homme. Historique[modifier | modifier le code]
Ken Wilber Kenneth Earl "Ken" Wilber II (born January 31, 1949, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American writer and public speaker. He has written and lectured about mysticism, philosophy, ecology, and developmental psychology. His work formulates what he calls Integral Theory.[1] In 1998 he founded the Integral Institute.[2] Biography[edit] Wilber was born in 1949 in Oklahoma City. In 1967 he enrolled as a pre-med student at Duke University.[3] He became inspired, like many of his generation, by Eastern literature, particularly the Tao Te Ching. In 1973 Wilber completed his first book, The Spectrum of Consciousness,[5] in which he sought to integrate knowledge from disparate fields. In 1982 New Science Library published his anthology The Holographic Paradigm and other Paradoxes[6] a collection of essays and interviews, including one by David Bohm. In 1983 Wilber married Terry "Treya" Killam who was shortly thereafter diagnosed with breast cancer. Theory[edit] Holons[edit] Quadrants[edit]
Quantum mind–body problem An interpretation of quantum mechanics is a set of statements which attempt to explain how quantum mechanics informs our understanding of nature. Although quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and thorough experimental testing, many of these experiments are open to different interpretations. There exist a number of contending schools of thought, differing over whether quantum mechanics can be understood to be deterministic, which elements of quantum mechanics can be considered "real", and other matters. This question is of special interest to philosophers of physics, as physicists continue to show a strong interest in the subject. They usually consider an interpretation of quantum mechanics as an interpretation of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, specifying the physical meaning of the mathematical entities of the theory. History of interpretations[edit] Main quantum mechanics interpreters Nature of interpretation[edit] Two qualities vary among interpretations:
History of philosophy The history of philosophy is the study of philosophical ideas and concepts through time. Issues specifically related to history of philosophy might include (but are not limited to): How can changes in philosophy be accounted for historically? What drives the development of thought in its historical context? To what degree can philosophical texts from prior historical eras be understood even today? All cultures — be they prehistoric, medieval, or modern; Eastern, Western, religious or secular — have had their own unique schools of philosophy, arrived at through both inheritance and through independent discovery. History of philosophy seeks to catalogue and classify such development. Western philosophy[edit] Western philosophy has a long history, conventionally divided into four large eras - the Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and Contemporary. Ancient philosophy[edit] There is considerable discussion about why Athenian culture encouraged philosophy, but a popular theory[which?]
Clare Graves - Wikip?dia Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Clare W. Graves (21 décembre 1914–3 janvier, 1986) était un professeur de psychologie américain à l'origine d'une théorie en psychologie évolutionniste. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Né à New Richmond dans l'Indiana, il reçut son doctorat en psychologie de Western Reserve University à Cleveland dans l'Ohio. Développement de sa théorie[modifier | modifier le code] Dans le but de répondre ultérieurement à cette même question et pour établir un pont entre des théories apparemment différentes, Graves développa une théorie permettant de réconcilier les approches de la nature humaine et de la maturité psychologique. Graves pensait que de nouvelles connexions neuronales dynamiques s'assemblent automatiquement dans le cerveau humain en réponse à l'évolution des questions existentielles et sociales. Références[modifier | modifier le code] ↑ Graves, Clare W., "Levels of Existence: An Open System Theory of Values"
Meme "Memes" redirects here. For the weevil genus known as Memes, see Hylobiini. A meme (/ˈmiːm/ meem)[1] is "an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture."[2] A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures.[3] The word meme is a shortening (modeled on gene) of mimeme (from Ancient Greek μίμημα Greek pronunciation: [míːmɛːma] mīmēma, "imitated thing", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, "to imitate", from μῖμος mimos "mime")[4] and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976)[1][5] as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena. Origins Memetics
Our brains are wired so we can better hear ourselves speak, new study shows Like the mute button on the TV remote control, our brains filter out unwanted noise so we can focus on what we’re listening to. But when it comes to following our own speech, a new brain study from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that instead of one homogenous mute button, we have a network of volume settings that can selectively silence and amplify the sounds we make and hear. Activity in the auditory cortex when we speak and listen is amplified in some regions of the brain and muted in others. In this image, the black line represents muting activity when we speak. (Courtesy of Adeen Flinker) Neuroscientists from UC Berkeley, UCSF and Johns Hopkins University tracked the electrical signals emitted from the brains of hospitalized epilepsy patients. Their findings, published today (Dec. 8, 2010) in the Journal of Neuroscience, offer new clues about how we hear ourselves above the noise of our surroundings and monitor what we say.
Existentiell Though it is not commonly used in philosophy outside of discussions of Heidegger's seminal work Being and Time, it is important to understand Heidegger's definition of the term if one wishes to study Being and Time. Heidegger distinguishes between his two terms "existential" and "existentiell" in the Introduction to Being and Time. In Being and Time, the word existentiell is used to describe an ontic understanding of beings in the world. Definition Dasein always understands itself in terms of its existence, in terms of its possibility to be itself or not be itself. Etymology Heidegger did not coin the term "existentiell". See also[edit] Notes[edit] Jump up ^ Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, Introduction, Section 4. Don Beck Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Don Beck en 2010 Don Beck a été de nombreuses années un proche collaborateur de Clare Graves jusqu'à la mort de celui-ci en 1986 et a continué l'œuvre de son mentor en développant "Spirale Dynamique intégrale" un modèle multidimensionnel aidant à la compréhension des systèmes de valeur et de leur transformation au niveau individuel et collectif. Carrière[modifier | modifier le code] Beck enseigna 20 ans à l'université du Texas du nord et intervient régulièrement à l'institut Gallup de l'université de Princeton. Dans les années 80 et 90 Don Beck s'est fortement impliqué dans le processus de transformation des rapports politiques en Afrique du sud pour surmonter l'Apartheid[1]. Bibliographie[modifier | modifier le code] Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code] Références[modifier | modifier le code]
A short history of British Anarcho-syndicalism Origins and ideas of anarcho-syndicalism Anarcho-syndicalism is a distinct school of thought within anarchism. It seeks to abolish the wage system and private ownership of the means of production which lead to the class divisions in society. The three important principles of anarcho-syndicalism are solidarity, direct action and workers' self-management. The origins of anarcho-syndicalism can be traced back to the First International, also known as the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), formed in 1864. After the demise of the International and the period of repression following the defeat of the Paris Commune, there was a move by some anarchists towards propaganda by deed to bring about change. Many anarchists though saw the futility of individual action that had alienated them from the working class and sought to re-enter and influence a re-emerging labour movement. They rejected the idea of “theorising” as an abstract exercise. These ideas were taken up as early as 1894.
Human Connectome Project | Mapping the human brain connectivity