California Gold Rush Coordinates: The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.[1] The first to hear confirmed information of the Gold Rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.[2] Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail. The gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (as a reference to 1849), often faced substantial hardships on the trip. The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. History The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma.[4] On January 24, 1848 James W. Forty-niners
Rebus Allusional device that uses pictures to represent words or parts of words A rebus ( REE-bəss) is a puzzle device that combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words or phrases. For example: the word "been" might be depicted by a rebus showing an illustrated bumblebee next to a plus sign (+) and the letter "n". Rebuses within heraldry [edit] Modern rebuses, word plays A modern example of the rebus used as a form of word play is: = Hear, or Here. By extension, it also uses the positioning of words or parts of words in relation to each other to convey a hidden meaning, for example: p walk ark: walk in the park. A rebus made up solely of letters (such as "CU" for "See you") is known as a gramogram, grammagram, or letteral word. The writing of correspondence in rebus form became popular in the eighteenth century and continued into the nineteenth century. Sigmund Freud[11] posited that the rebus was the basis for uncovering the latent content of the dream. Canada
American frontier The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American westward expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in the early 20th century. Enormous popular attention in the media focuses on the Western United States in the second half of the nineteenth century, a period sometimes called the Old West, or the Wild West. As defined by Hine and Faragher, "frontier history tells the story of the creation and defense of communities, the use of the land, the development of markets, and the formation of states." They explain, "It is a tale of conquest, but also one of survival, persistence, and the merging of peoples and cultures that gave birth and continuing life to America The terms "West" and "Frontier"[edit] The frontier line was the outer line of settlement. Colonial frontier[edit] Acquisition of Indian lands[edit]
Theory of mind Native Americans in the United States Native Americans within the boundaries of the present-day United States (including indigenous peoples of Alaska and Hawaii) are composed of numerous, distinct tribes and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political communities. The terms used to refer to Native Americans have been controversial. According to a 1995 U.S. Census Bureau set of home interviews, most of the respondents with an expressed preference refer to themselves as "American Indians" or simply "Indians"; this term has been adopted by major newspapers and some academic groups, but does not traditionally include Native Hawaiians or certain Alaskan Natives, such as Aleut, Yup'ik, or Inuit peoples. Since the end of the 15th century, the migration of Europeans to the Americas has led to centuries of conflict and adjustment between Old and New World societies. History Pre-Columbian Map showing the approximate location of the ice-free corridor and specific Paleoindian sites (Clovis theory) Impact on native populations
How Much is a Million? Billion? What's the difference between a million, a billion, a trillion? A million seconds is 12 days. A billion seconds is 31 years. A trillion seconds is 31,688 years. A million minutes ago was – 1 year, 329 days, 10 hours and 40 minutes ago. A billion minutes ago was just after the time of Christ. A million hours ago was in 1885. A million dollars ago was five (5) seconds ago at the U.S. A trillion dollars is so large a number that only politicians can use the term in conversation... probably because they seldom think about what they are really saying. Trillion = 1,000,000,000,000. Million: 1,000,000 Billion: 1,000,000,000 Trillion: 1,000,000,000,000 Quintillion: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Sextillion: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Nonillion: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Centillion: 1 followed by 303 zeros
Transcontinental railroad Transcontinental railroads in and near the United States (1887). A transcontinental railroad is a contiguous network of railroad trackage[1] that crosses a continental land mass with terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad, or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express. Transcontinental railroads helped open up unpopulated interior regions of continents to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In the United States of America, a series of transcontinental railroads built over the last third of the 19th century created a nation-wide transportation network that united the country by rail. North America[edit] United States[edit] Canada[edit] Panama[edit] Eurasia[edit]
How do people learn to cook a poisonous plant safely? (An example of culture developing) Image copyright Getty Images In 1860, Robert Burke and William Wills famously led the first European expedition across the largely unknown interior of Australia. It did not go well. Due to a combination of poor leadership, bad planning and misfortune, Burke, Wills and their companion John King ran out of food on the return journey. They became stranded at a stream called Cooper's Creek, having found no way to carry enough water to cross a stretch of desert to the nearest colonial outpost at the unpromisingly named Mount Hopeless. "We have been unable to leave the creek," wrote Wills. The local Yandruwandha people seemed to thrive despite the conditions that were proving so tough for Wills's party. The Yandruwandha gave the explorers cakes made from the crushed seed pods of a clover-like fern called nardoo. Burke then fell out with them and, unwisely, drove them away by firing his pistol. But perhaps the trio had already learned enough to survive? Within a week, Wills and Burke were dead.
NASA Coordinates: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958[5] with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. Since that time, most U.S. space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Creation 1963 photo showing Dr. From 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1.[12] In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58). Space flight programs Manned programs X-15 rocket plane (1959–68) X-15 in free flight
Kitsch Art or other objects that appeal to popular rather than high art tastes Puppy by Jeff Koons (2010) is a self-aware display of kitsch, specifically as a combination of opulence and cuteness. According to early critical theory, kitsch is the contrived sentiment and immediate gratification behind a culture industry that pacifies social complexity while engendering a psychological interdependence with consumerism.[2] To brand visual art as "kitsch" is often still pejorative, though not exclusively. History[edit] Examples of kitsch in architecture The study of kitsch was done almost exclusively in German until the 1970s, with Walter Benjamin being an important scholar in the field.[6] Analysis[edit] Kitsch in art theory and aesthetics[edit] Kitsch is less about the thing observed than about the observer.[8] According to Roger Scruton, "Kitsch is fake art, expressing fake emotions, whose purpose is to deceive the consumer into thinking he feels something deep and serious Uses[edit] Art[edit] "Kitsch".
Chronologie de l'exploration spatiale Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Grâce aux avancées allemandes lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, notamment dans le domaine des fusées, la conquête de l'espace a rapidement pris son essor et fut l'un des grands moments de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Elle fut marquée, à ses débuts, par une forte concurrence entre les États-Unis et l'URSS, pour des motifs de prestige national liés à la guerre froide. On a appelé cette période la course à l'espace. Depuis, bien que la conquête spatiale soit toujours largement dominée par des agences spatiales nationales ou internationales telles que la NASA ou l'ESA, plusieurs entreprises envisagent de développer des lanceurs commerciaux. Le tourisme spatial intéresse également les entreprises à travers le partenariat avec des agences spatiales, mais également par le développement de leur propre flotte de véhicules spatiaux. Des grandes dates[modifier | modifier le code] Les programmes spatiaux par pays[modifier | modifier le code]
Yellowstone National Park Aerial view, 3D computer generated image Yellowstone National Park (Arapaho: Henihco'oo or Héetíhco'oo)[4] is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872.[5][6] Yellowstone, widely held to be the first national park in the world,[7] is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park.[8] It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years.[9] The region was bypassed during the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the early 19th century. History[edit] A poster of Yellowstone from 1938 Ferdinand V. Park creation[edit] In 1871, eleven years after his failed first effort, Ferdinand V.
Western United States Highway and open space, Northern Arizona The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West or simply the West, traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. Because the U.S. expanded westward after its founding, the meaning of the West has evolved over time. Prior to about 1800, the crest of the Appalachian Mountains was seen as the western frontier. Since then, the frontier generally moved westward and eventually lands west of the Mississippi River came to be referred to as the West. Though no consensus exists, even among experts, for the definition of the West as a region, this article adopts the U.S. The West mostly comprises arid to semi-arid plateaus and plains and forested mountains, yet includes many coastal areas as well. §Defining the West[edit] §Subregions[edit] Mountain States Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada Pacific States §Outlying areas[edit] §Demographics[edit]