ATP & Respiration: Biology #7

Essential Amino Acids: Definition, and Functions Definitions of Essential Amino Acids Amino acids are the smallest unit of protein and can be defined as an organic molecule made up of amine and carboxylic acid functional groups—an amino acid is composed of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen molecules. Essential amino acids, also called limiting amino acids, are those that can not be produced in our body and there fore have to be obtained from food sources. There are 8 essential amino acids. Functions of essential amino acids Amino acids are useful components in a variety of metabolisms.

PDB-101: About Molecule of the Month The RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month by David S. Goodsell (RCSB PDB-Rutgers and The Scripps Research Institute) presents short accounts on selected molecules from the Protein Data Bank. Each installment includes an introduction to the structure and function of the molecule, a discussion of the relevance of the molecule to human health and welfare, and suggestions for how visitors might view these structures and access further details. This feature provides an easy introduction to the RCSB PDB for all types of users, but especially for teachers and students. It is used in many classrooms to introduce structures to students, and is an integral part of the protein modeling event at the Science Olympiad. It is not intended to be a comprehensive index to entries in the PDB archive, nor necessarily represent the historical record.

Condensation Reaction A condensation reaction occurs when two molecules join to form a larger molecule and release a smaller molecule(s) in the process. The smaller molecule lost in the reaction is often water, but it can also be methanol, hydrogen chloride, acetic acid or several other molecules. Condensation reactions occur naturally in biological and chemical processes on Earth or synthetically by man-made means. Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (U-2 OS) Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (U-2 OS Line) The U-2 OS cell line, originally known as the 2T line, was derived from the bone tissue of a fifteen-year-old human female suffering from osteosarcoma. Established by J.

Explainer: what are trans fats? Trans fats – they’re in our chips, bakery goods, popcorn and cakes. We know we should avoid them, but what exactly are they, and why are they so bad for us? First, let’s take a step back and look at how trans fats fit into the two broad categories of edible fats: saturated and unsaturated. What are saturated fats? Saturated fats have a stable chemical composition – they’re solid at room temperature and oxidise slowly. Because they’re very stable and feel good in the mouth, they’re commonly added to processed foods.

5 Creative Ways to Teach the Cell 5 Creative Ways to Teach the Cell 1. 3 D Cell – this is a standard project for entry level biology classes, where students use various objects from around the house to design a three dimensional cell. Popular models are made of clay, cardboard, or styrofoam. Pros: Students seem to enjoy the project and you end up with a lot of amazing models. Cons: Can be expensive, difficult to store, or attract bugs if they are made of candy or other perishables, mostly done as individual projects. 2. Fat Fat are an essential part of our diet and is important for good health. There are different types of fats, with some fats being healthier than others. To help make sure you stay healthy, it is important to eat unsaturated fats in small amounts as part of a balanced diet.

How Your Body Uses Carbs and Fats for Energy – Enzymedica One of the timeless comparisons we are told growing up is that our body is like a machine. It needs fuel in order to power its daily functions. However, for a lot of people, that’s all they remember. What is the “fuel”? Enzyme Lab Name:________________________________________ Date:__________ Objectives Measure the effects of changes in temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration on reaction rates of an enzymeExplain how environmental factors affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. INTRODUCTION: What would happen to your cells if they made a poisonous chemical? Sporting performance and food Daily training diet requirements The link between good health and good nutrition is well established. Interest in nutrition and its impact on sporting performance is now a science in itself. Whether you are a competing athlete, a weekend sports player or a dedicated daily exerciser, the foundation to improved performance is a nutritionally adequate diet.

Homeostasis - kidneys and water balance Substances are moving in and out of the cells of your body all the time. To understand why the water balance is so important in homeostasis, and to make sense of how your kidneys work, you need to know about diffusion, osmosis and active transport. is the spreading out of the particles of a gas or any substance in solution. It is caused by the random movement of the particles. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move and the faster diffusion takes place. Diffusion results in the overall (net) movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Anabolism vs Catabolism Anabolic and Catabolic Processes Anabolic processes use simple molecules within the organism to create more complex and specialized compounds. This synthesis, the creation of a product from a series of components, is why anabolism is also called "biosynthesis." The process uses energy to create its end products, which the organism can use to sustain itself, grow, heal, reproduce or adjust to changes in its environment. Growing in height and muscle mass are two basic anabolic processes. At the cellular level, anabolic processes can use small molecules called monomers to build polymers, resulting in often highly complex molecules.

Nonessential Amino Acid - an overview Serine Serine is non-essential amino acid supplied from food or synthesized by the body from a number of metabolites, including glycine. Serine is found in soybeans, nuts (especially peanuts, almonds, and walnuts), eggs, chickpeas, lentils, meat, and fish (especially shellfish). Serine is produced by the body when insufficient amounts are ingested. It is metabolized from ketones and glycine, and retroconversion with glycine also occurs.

What Are Trans Fats, and Are They Bad for You? You may have heard a lot about trans fats. These fats are notoriously unhealthy, but you may not know why. Although intake has declined in recent years as awareness has increased and regulators have restricted their use, trans fats still pose a public health problem. This article explains everything you need to know about trans fats. Trans fats, or trans-fatty acids, are a form of unsaturated fat.