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Heroin

Heroin /ˈhɛroʊɪn/ (diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate, also known as diamorphine (BAN, INN[4]) and commonly known by its street names of H, smack, boy, horse, brown, black, tar, and others[5] is an opioid analgesic originally synthesized by C.R. Alder Wright in 1874 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine, which is found naturally in the opium poppy. It is the 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. Administered intravenously by injection, heroin is two to four times more potent than morphine and is faster in its onset of action.[6] Illicit heroin is sometimes available in freebase form, dulling the sheen and consistency to a matte-white powder.[7] Because of its lower boiling point, the freebase form of heroin is also smokable. As with other opioids, diacetylmorphine is used as both a legal, medically prescribed drug (e.g., as an analgesic, cough suppressant and as an anti-diarrhea drug) and a recreational drug, in which case the user is seeking euphoria. Usage Medical use Oral

Vt. woman arrested on heroin charges | The Recorder BERNARDSTON — Police took more than 80 bags of heroin off the streets after an Interstate 91 traffic stop. Mariah Gagne, 24, of Springfield, Vt., was arrested on charges of possession of heroin with intent to distribute, and possession of a Class B substance, as well as a license plate violation, after she was pulled over Friday afternoon. “When I pulled her over, I noticed her pupils were constricted, and she wore a tank top, making multiple track marks very visible on both of her arms,” said trooper Michael McNally. He said the woman had hidden the heroin in a body cavity in an attempt to avoid detection. McNally said Gagne first stated she was coming from Holyoke, then changed her mind and said she was on the way back from Pittsfield. He believes she was taking the heroin back to her home state. He said heroin is often purchased in the Springfield and Holyoke areas and taken back to Vermont to be sold for a profit.

Sativa - Cannabis sativa Common uses[edit] A sack made from hemp fiber Its seeds are chiefly used to make hempseed oil which can be used for cooking, lamps, lacquers, or paints. They can also used as caged-bird feed, as they provide a moderate source of nutrients for most birds. Plant physiology[edit] The flowers of the female plant are arranged in racemes and can produce hundreds of seeds. A Cannabis plant in the vegetative growth phase of its life requires more than 12–13 hours of light per day to stay vegetative. In soil, the optimum pH for the plant is 6.3 to 6.8. Cultivars[edit] Broadly, there are three main Cultivar Groups of cannabis that are cultivated today: Cultivars primarily cultivated for their fiber, characterized by long stems and little branching.Cultivars grown for seed which can be eaten entirely raw or from which hemp oil is extracted.Cultivars grown for medicinal or recreational purposes. Pharmacology[edit] The flower of a hybrid Cannabis indica plant Cannabis sativa, scientific drawing from c1900

Heroin Use, Addiction, Effects, Withdrawal, and More Both dangerous and deadly, heroin is becoming more and more widely used. Here's what you need to know. What Is Heroin? Heroin comes from a flower, the opium poppy, which grows in Mexico, Asia, and South America. The drug is highly addictive and has been illegal in the United States since 1924. How Heroin Is Used No matter how you get it into your system, heroin gets to the brain quickly. You can smoke or snort it, but most users inject it into their veins to get the quickest high. How Does It Make You Feel? Right after taking heroin, you get a rush of good feelings and happiness. In an Illinois study of suburban heroin users, some described the feeling as “covered in a warm blanket, where worries are gone.” The drug can cause nausea and vomiting. Many people use heroin to treat their anxiety, worries, and other stressors. Continued Why Are More People Using Heroin Today? Use of heroin nearly doubled between 2007 and 2012. Sometimes it's laced with other drugs. What Are the Effects of Heroin?

Hydrocodone Opioid drug used in pain relief Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semisynthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant.[10] It is taken by mouth.[10] Typically it is dispensed as the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone or ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid[11][12][13] and in combination with homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough.[10] It is also available by itself in a long-acting form under the brand name Zohydro ER, among others, to treat severe pain of a prolonged duration.[10][14] Hydrocodone is a controlled drug, in the United States a Schedule II Controlled Substance. Side effects and mechanisms[edit] History and culture[edit] Medical uses[edit] Hydrocodone is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Available forms[edit] Hydrocodone is available in a variety of formulations for oral administration:[30][31][32] Hydrocodone is not available in parenteral or any other non-oral forms.[5][2] Side effects[edit] Absorption[edit]

Vermont mom busted as 5-year-old sits on alleged heroin stash WESTMINSTER,VT— A 33-year-old mother is being held in a southern Vermont jail after police accuse her of carrying a large quantity of heroin that her 5 year old sat on as the two traveled up Interstate 91on Saturday. Vermont State Trooper Ryan Wood reported that Eugenia Emerson of Springfield, Vt., was stopped in the northbound lane of I-91 in Westminster at approximately 6:30 p.m. Saturday for a lane violation and reported defective equipment. During the stop, a state police K-9 unit conducted an exterior scan of the car, and the dog allegedly detected the presence of illegal drugs. Emerson reportedly agreed to a search of the car, and police said they found 690 bags of heroin under the seat cushion where her child was sitting. Emerson was arrested and charged with trafficking heroin. That state's Gov.

Ecstasy - MDMA MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) is an empathogenic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes of drugs. MDMA has become widely known as "ecstasy" (shortened to "E", "X", or "XTC"), usually referring to its street form, although this term may also include the presence of possible adulterants. The UK term "Mandy" and the US term "Molly" colloquially refer to MDMA that is relatively free of adulterants.[3] MDMA can induce euphoria, a sense of intimacy with others, diminished anxiety, and mild psychedelia. Regulatory authorities in several locations around the world have approved scientific studies administering MDMA to humans to examine its therapeutic potential and its effects.[9] Medical use[edit] In the year 2000, Doctor Jose Carlos Bouso performed the first clinical trial of MDMA for use in treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.[16] Since 2009, two randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder were published.

Hash oil Oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish Composition[edit] The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of hash oil varies tremendously, since the manufacturers use a varying assortment of marijuana plants and preparation techniques. Dealers sometimes cut hash oils with other oils.[2][3] Following an outbreak of vaping related pulmonary illnesses and deaths in 2019 NBC News conducted tests on different THC vape cartridges and found cartridges containing up to 30% Vitamin E acetate and trace amounts of fungicides and pesticides that may be harmful.[4] Hash oil seized in the 1970s had a THC content ranging from 10% to 30%. The oil available on the U.S. The following compounds were found in naphtha extracts of Bedrocan Dutch medical cannabis:[10] The form of the extract varies depending on the extraction process used; it may be liquid, a clear amber solid (called “shatter"), a sticky semisolid substance (called "wax"), or a brittle honeycombed solid (called "honeycomb wax").[11]

Canada: Giant 40ft Deep Sinkhole Swallows Road in Downtown Ottawa A 40ft sinkhole has opened up on Waller Street in OttawaTwitter/John Holtby A giant 40ft deep sinkhole has opened up on Waller street in downtown Ottawa. The section of the street collapsed and closed the intersection between Laurier Avenue East and Waller Street. The cause of the sinkhole is still a mystery, but has suspended tunnelling work on the East Portal of the city's Light Rail Transit project. Crews from the Rideau Transit Group (RTG) were working on the site at the time the hole appeared, but nobody was injured. Round-the-clock tunnelling work had just begun on the LRT East Portal site when the incidentb occurred. City officials have confirmed crews were filling the sinkhole with concrete in order to stabilise it. The hole left residents along Laurier Avenue without water, as well as causing traffic chaos in and around the area with the closure of many roads. Several sinkholes have also appeared in the UK after floods, causing injuries and homes to be evacuated.

Crack - Crack cocaine Crack cocaine ‘rocks’. Appearance and characteristics In purer forms, crack rocks appear as off-white nuggets with jagged edges,[3] with a slightly higher density than candle wax. Purer forms of crack resemble a hard brittle plastic, in crystalline form[3] (snaps when broken). A crack rock acts as a local anesthetic (see: cocaine), numbing the tongue or mouth only where directly placed. Crack cocaine as sold on the streets may be adulterated or "cut" with other substances mimicking the appearance of crack cocaine to increase bulk. Chemistry In order for cocaine (in plastic bag at bottom) to be converted to crack, several supplies are needed. A close up of the "cooking" process that creates crack. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, common baking soda) is a base used in preparation of crack, although other weak bases may substitute for it. Coc-H+Cl− + NaHCO3 → Coc + H2O + CO2 + NaCl With Ammonium bicarbonate: Coc-H+Cl− + NH4HCO3 → Coc + NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O With Ammonium carbonate: Psychological effects

Hydrocodone/paracetamol Combination pain relief drug Hydrocodone/paracetamol (also known as hydrocodone/acetaminophen) is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen).[1] It is used to treat moderate to severe pain.[1][3] It is taken by mouth.[1] Recreational use is common in the United States.[4][5] Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting.[1][3] Serious side effects include addiction, decreased rate of breathing, low blood pressure, serotonin syndrome, severe allergic reactions, and liver failure.[1] Use during pregnancy may harm the fetus.[1] Use with alcohol is not recommended.[3] Hydrocodone works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor.[1] How paracetamol works is unclear but may involve blocking the creation of prostaglandins.[1][6] Uses[edit] Medical[edit] Hydrocodone/paracetamol is a fixed-dose combination consisting of the opioid hydrocodone and the non-opioid analgesic paracetamol. Recreational[edit] Side effects[edit] Overdose[edit]

HAARP The most prominent instrument at the HAARP Station is the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI), a high-power radio frequency transmitter facility operating in the high frequency (HF) band. The IRI is used to temporarily excite a limited area of the Ionosphere. Other instruments, such as a VHF and a UHF radar, a fluxgate magnetometer, a digisonde (an ionospheric sounding device), and an induction magnetometer, are used to study the physical processes that occur in the excited region. Work on the HAARP Station began in 1993. HAARP is a target of conspiracy theorists, who claim that it is capable of modifying weather, disabling satellites and exerting mind control over people, and that it is being used as a weapon against terrorists. Overview[edit] HAARP antenna array The HAARP project directs a 3.6 MW signal, in the 2.8–10 MHz region of the HF (high-frequency) band, into the ionosphere. The HAARP program began in 1990. Research[edit] Some of the main scientific findings from HAARP include

Alcohol Ball-and-stick model of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group in an alcohol molecule (R3COH). The three "R's" stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms.[1] The hydroxyl (-OH) functional group with bond angle. An important class of alcohols are the simple acyclic alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH. Other alcohols are usually described with a clarifying adjective, as in isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol) or wood alcohol (methyl alcohol, or methanol). In everyday life "alcohol" without qualification usually refers to ethanol, or a beverage based on ethanol (as in the term "alcohol abuse"). Toxicity Ball-and-stick model of tert-Amyl alcohol, which is 20 times more intoxicating than ethanol and like all tertiary alcohols, cannot be metabolised to toxic aldehydes.[3][4][5] Alcoholic beverages have been consumed by humans since prehistoric times for a variety of hygienic, dietary, medicinal, religious, and recreational reasons. Treatment Nomenclature Systematic names Common names

Hydromorphone Opioid drug used for pain relief Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid among others, is an opioid used to treat moderate to severe pain.[4] Typically, long-term use is only recommended for pain due to cancer.[6] It may be used by mouth or by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[4] Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to five hours.[4] Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, and constipation.[4] Serious side effects may include abuse, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory depression, and serotonin syndrome.[4] Rapidly decreasing the dose may result in opioid withdrawal.[4] Generally, use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.[7] Hydromorphone is believed to work by activating opioid receptors, mainly in the brain and spinal cord.[4] Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is equivalent to approximately 10 mg morphine IV.[6] Medical use[edit] Side effects[edit] Withdrawal[edit]

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