Theories of acids and bases In fact, the reaction between HCl and water is reversible, but only to a very minor extent. In order to generalise, consider an acid HA, and think of the reaction as being reversible. Thinking about the forward reaction: The HA is an acid because it is donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to the water. The water is a base because it is accepting a proton from the HA. But there is also a back reaction between the hydroxonium ion and the A- ion: The H3O+ is an acid because it is donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to the A- ion. The reversible reaction contains two acids and two bases. When the acid, HA, loses a proton it forms a base, A-. Members of a conjugate pair differ from each other by the presence or absence of the transferable hydrogen ion. If you are thinking about HA as the acid, then A- is its conjugate base. If you are thinking about A- as the base, then HA is its conjugate acid. The water and the hydroxonium ion are also a conjugate pair. A second example of conjugate pairs
Themes By Eris, Coding Tutorial - Part 1: Getting Started Top 10 Mad Science-Worthy Chemistry Experiments Chemistry is a fascinating science, but it's often taught poorly in today's boring schools. Here's how chemistry should be taught: by mad scientists! Here's Neatorama's list of the Top 10 Mad Science-Worthy Chemistry Experiments: 1. [YouTube Clip] The Briggs-Rauscher reaction is a well known example of oscillating chemical reactions, also known as chemical clocks because the periodicity can be used to tell time. 2. Who'da thunk that Gummy Bear can be so ... violent? [YouTube Clip] 3. Mentos in various carbonated liquids. You've all seen this before. MythBusters explain: According to Hyneman (he's the mustachioed MythBuster), it's a process called "nucleation," in which the particular chemistry of the Mentos candy interacts with the chemistry of the carbonated Diet Coke, causing the carbon dioxide gas, or CO2, to suddenly come out of suspension in the liquid and make a break for freedom. [...]Hyneman says, "There's a cascade that happens with -- it's a little esoteric -- an ion exchange.
Acid vs Base Bases are the chemical opposite of acids. Acids are defined as compounds that donate a hydrogen ion (H+) to another compound (called a base). Traditionally, an acid (from the Latin acidus or acere meaning sour) was any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water, i.e. a pH less than 7.0. A soluble base is also called an alkali. Properties of acids vs bases Bases have a slippery feel on fingers and taste bitter. Litmus Test and Other Reactions Litmus paper is made from dyes derived from lichens; it is water-soluble, meaning it can be fully dissolved in water. Strong acids have a corrosive effect on metals. Differences in Applications for acids and bases Acids are often used to remove rust from metals, as an electrolyte in batteries, for mineral processing, to produce fertilizers and gasoline and as additives in food and beverages. Types & Examples of Acids and Bases References Share this comparison:
Temperate Deciduous Forest The Temperate Deciduous Forest The temperate deciduous forest occupies much of the middle of the Whittaker diagram, and to those of us who live here, it sure feels that way. Rapid changes from cold and dry to wet and warm or to any of the other corners of the climate envelope are often swift and dramatic. A favorite saying among the natives is "if you don't like the weather, wait a minute". As the diagram indicates, the average annual temperature ranges up to about 20 C down to freezing. Southern Ohio has a different feel to it. More on Forests - Forests in Europe Back Chemistry is EASY! How do you write electron configurations?
Acid/Base Basics For instance, 30 mL of 1.00 M NaOH is needed to titrate 60 mL of an HCl solution. The concentration of HCl needs to be determined. At the eqivalence point: To solve for the molarity of HCl, plug in the given data into the equation above. The concentration of HCl is 0.5 M. Sample Problems 1. CaSO4 NaCl HNO3 NH3 Solution: There are 6 strong acids and all other acids are considered weak. The answer is (c) HNO3. 2. HCl HPO42- H3PO4 NH4+ CH3NH3+ Solution: A Brønsted-Lowry Base is a proton acceptor, which means it will take in an H+. Here, it is clear that HPO42- is the acid since it donates a proton to water to make H3O+ and PO43-. In this case, HPO42- is the base since it accepts a proton from water to form H2PO4- and OH-. Since HPO42- is the only compound from the options that can act as a base, the answer is (b) HPO42-. 3. Solution: Since the number of moles of acid equals the number of moles of base at neutralization, the following equation is used to solve for the molarity of HCl: MHCl = 1 M 4.
Steampunk Theme Credit Page